This work demonstrated the hydrothermal synthesis of bimetallic MOF(Zn/Cu-BTC) for CO ₂ adsorption with high CO ₂ /N ₂ adsorption selectivity.

Soybean ( Glycine max L.) one of the world’s most important crops that is prized for its high protein and lipid content. As a prominent member of the carbon nanomaterial family, graphene oxide (GO) exhibits remarkable fertilizer adsorption and slow-release capabilities owing to its high specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, demonstrating broad application prospects in agricultural production. However, its potential role in regulating soybean growth and modulating the rhizosphere microbiome remains poorly understood. To elucidate the mechanism by which GO modulates soybean growth, we investigated eight cultivars (SN24, CD5, 7534, 15GI-16, ZH75, G135, L2012-7, and CD13) with a 30 mg/L GO treatment. The results demonstrate that GO application significantly enhanced key agronomic traits, increasing plant height by 7.17–51.05%, stem diameter by 12.39–63.34%, and the number of root nodules by 33.33–328.57%, along with increase in root biomass. Rhizosphere microbiome analysis revealed that GO restructured microbial communities in L2012–7 and significantly increased bacterial and fungal abundance or diversity based on operational taxonomic unit (OTU) levels ( p < 0.05). Taxonomic profiling identified GO-enriched beneficial genera ( Sinorhizobium , Sphingomonas and Trichoderma ), with LEfSe and Random Forest analyses confirming that Sinorhizobium is a keystone taxon. Mechanistically, Sinorhizobium fredii ( Sf01 ) was successfully isolated and identified from soybean rhizosphere soil, which was shown to promote soybean growth. Treatment with 5, 30, and 50 mg/L GO promoted the colony growth of S. fredii ( Sf01 ) by 40.2%, 42.9%, and 55.5%, respectively, whereas 100 mg/L GO inhibited its growth compared to the control. Furthermore, soil nutrient analysis demonstrated that GO significantly enhanced the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, ammonium nitrogen, and humic acid in soybean rhizosphere soil. Our experimental results demonstrate that GO reshapes the soybean rhizosphere microbial community, which in turn enriches keystone beneficial microbes S. fredii ( Sf01 ) and enhances soil fertility retention capacity. This cascade of effects collectively promotes soybean plant growth, offering a nano-enabled strategy to reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers.

Graphene has promising applications in agriculture and forestry. In the current study, six different concentrations of graphene (0mg/L, 0.01mg/L, 0.10mg/L, 1.00mg/L, 10.00mg/L, and 100.00mg/L) were used to investigate its effect on the growth and development of V. angularis plants in soil culture. The results showed that the group treated with 1.00mg/L graphene (G-1) had significantly increased plant height (19.86%), stem diameter (24.33%), and leaf area (13.69%), compared to the control group (CK). Moreover, all concentrations of graphene had positive effects on the total root length, total root surface area, and the number of root tips of V. angularis. Compared to the CK group, the G-1 group had significantly increased leaf water potential (37.89%), leaf conductivity (2.25%), and SOD, POD, and CAT activities (47.67%, 35.22%, and 199.3%, respectively). The G-1 group also showed improved leaf net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content, and soluble sugar content (51.28%, 24.25%, and 38.35%, respectively), compared to the CK group. Additionally, 1.00mg/L graphene led to a 23.88% increase in the podding rate and a 17.04% increase in the yield of V. angularis plants. The rhizosphere soil of V. angularis treated with 1.00mg/L graphene had a 25.14% increase in hydrolyzable nitrogen content and a 66.67% increase in available phosphorus content. RNA-seq data indicated that 1.00mg/L graphene induced the expression of photosynthesis and nitrogen transmembrane transport genes, including ATP synthase subunit b, photosystem I reaction center subunit XI, photosystem I reaction center subunit IV A, ferredoxin, and psbP-like protein 1, as well as genes for photosynthesis antenna proteins, glutamine synthetase, glutamate dehydrogenase 1, cyanate hydratase, protein fluG-like, and NRT1/PTR family, suggesting that graphene promoted the growth and development of V. angularis by enhancing the photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism processes in V. angularis plants. Our results indicated that a suitable concentration of graphene could significantly promote the growth of V. angularis plants in soil.