Buildings are one of the highest energy consumption contributors in the construction sector in Malaysia. Some parameters are acknowledged as the factors that influence the efficiency of building energy, including climate conditions, location and type of buildings. Optimizing the energy efficiency of buildings is a more economical strategy to reduce energy consumption, especially for tropical climates, and Malaysia naturally has plenty of sunlight and consistency throughout the year. Therefore, this paper discusses Malaysia different building designs and policies to improve energy consumption and efficiency of office buildings in Malaysia. In addition, the limitations encountered and the initiatives implemented by the Malaysian government in improving energy usage in the office building are also included. This review is expected to provide a framework and explanation that can be used as a guide to identify which approach is most appropriate to help optimize energy efficiency for buildings in developing and tropical countries such as Malaysia.

The coral reef population worldwide faces degradation issues due to various human-related factors such as pollution, overfishing, collecting live corals for the aquarium market, warm climate, thermal stress and ocean acidification. These factors lead to an imbalance in the natural ecosystem where the coral reef and algae reside. Coral reefs are susceptible to the changes in their natural ecosystem. This work aims to study the optimum condition for the coral reef and algae to healthy flourish. The main factors that influence the growth and survival of coral reefs and algae are also studied. Thus, this paper presents a proposed monitoring system-based IoT to monitor the coral reef and algae ecosystem. The system also intends to introduce a regulatory mechanism which can regulate the main factors identified to maintain an optimum condition for the coral and algae to prosper. In order to support the intention, a reliable network system and communication are needed to ensure that accurate information can be obtained. The system consists of sensors, microcontrollers, and a web application for monitoring real data of three different parameters most affected the ocean water: pH, temperature and salinity.

Titanium-coated ceramic materials with varying roughness and surface topography have been developed and utilized in clinical trials within the realms of medical and dental implantology. The objective of this study was to assess how cellular attachment is affected by the surface porosity and roughness of the titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) coated with titania (TiO₂)-reinforced yttria-stabilized zirconia (YZP). Additionally, the wettability of different types of TiO₂-coated YZP was also evaluated for its effect on cellular migration and attachment. The results showed excellent adhesion between fibroblast cells and the surface of the YZP/TiO₂ coating, with TiO₂ reinforcement exhibiting bioactive properties that promote rapid cell growth and reproduction. Despite its average micro surface roughness measuring 5.86 ± 0.36 µm, the YZP/TiO2 surface coating demonstrated superior suitability for both fibroblast cell adhesion and the promotion of osseointegration. The YZP coating with 30% TiO₂ demonstrated the most desirable properties, significantly enhancing biocompatibility. This study can serve as a basis for determining the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the YZP/TiO₂ coating, which holds promise as a new coating material.

Most petrol pumps still operate physically and have poor management, which results in time-consuming, requiring extra workers and unorganized management. A smar Most petrol pumps still operate physically and have poor management, which results in time-consuming, requiring extra workers and unorganized management. A smar