In this paper, we present a low-cost, stand-alone sensory platform developed for in situ monitoring of environmental parameters, for use in the Amazon region in the north of Brazil. The mission of the platform is to perform monitoring and identification of overirradiance (solar irradiance > 1000 W/m²) and extreme overirradiance events (solar irradiance > 1300 W/m²) using a photovoltaic based irradiance sensor. The sensory platform was built using the ESP8266 microcontroller, an open embedded computer capable of Wi-Fi communication using the IEEE 802.11 standard, and small photovoltaic modules, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, voltage, and current sensors, enabling the development of a low-cost system (€70/R$350.00 BRL). Calibration and tests were conducted at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém campus, Pará, where the platform measured an extreme overirradiance of 1321 W/m² at a low-latitude (1 °S) and low altitude (7 m above sea level).

This paper applies different methodologies through measurement and simulation for the partial shading analysis of solar photovoltaic (SPV) arrays. A two-diode photovoltaic solar cell model evaluates SPV arrays under shading conditions. Experimental data from two identical 1.5 kWp PV generators were used as a study case. One is subjected to shading caused by the branches of a tree, resulting in its electricity production being affected for several days, and the other is shadow-free. The authors use a methodology based on short circuit of the solar cells to determine the different irradiance levels. It was considered because it avoids using several irradiance sensors to map the shaded and unshaded regions in a shadow SPV array. The two-diode photovoltaic solar cell model used was developed in matlab/simulink. The applied model and the map irradiance methodology can be used to represent current–voltage (IV) curves in complex shading. For example, what could help identify if a given SPV array is working on a global maximum power point or a local maximum power point. Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrated that the model and methodology are useful in understanding what happens with SPV arrays in very complex shadow situations.

Access to safe and sustainable electrical energy is an essential element for socio-economic development, particularly in remote regions of the Brazilian Amazon. This paper carries out a comparative cost-benefit analysis of three electrification alternatives: off-grid photovoltaic systems, diesel generators, and informal network, based on a case study in the riverside community of Nazaré, Abaetetuba-PA. Employing tools from economic engineering and sustainability metrics, the study evaluates implementation, operational, and maintenance costs, as well as nets present value, cost per kWh generated, and environmental impact. The findings indicate that, although requiring higher initial investments, off-grid photovoltaic systems demonstrate greater economic efficiency in the long term and have a lower socio-environmental impact. This makes them a viable solution for low-income communities, highlighting the potential of solar energy as a strategic approach to energy inclusion. The study supports efforts to reduce inequalities and promote a just energy transition, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 7, 10, and 13).

This work aims to project the implementation of a new battery factory through a simulation project. The Project was carried out with the objective of minimizing risks and assisting in decision-making before the actual implementation of the factory. The methodology employed consists of three steps for model construction: conception (conceptual model), implementation (computational model), and analysis (operational model). The simulation carried out brought important KPIs for decision making, directing future costs for the company. Between the scenarios presented, scenarios numbered 20 and 21 obtained the highest score in total and presented an advantage over the others. By analyzing these factors, it is concluded that the best scenarios are those offering an optimized combination of their indicators and weights, which vary depending on the scenario adopted, will have its own characteristics and better performance in different areas, being outlined by the simulation