Favorable soil conditions are essential to the proper growth and production of any crop worldwide. Only 9 % of the Ecuadorian Amazon Region (EAR) territory is suitable for agriculture and/or livestock farming, due to limitations imposed by physio-edaphoclimatic factors. This study evaluated the soil potential suitability for coffee, cocoa and tropical pastures to determine optimal, moderate and marginal areas in three provinces in the EAR (Orellana, Sucumbios and Pastaza) under different agroecological conditions. On-site field work was carried out to analyze the soil profile to determine the mineral composition. Eight environmental variables were evaluated through the integration of GIS-based modeling to determine the agroecological zoning of the crops. The results showed that the main determining factors for optimal areas of soil suitability within the three provinces included soil depth (30 cm), organic matter content (5.3 %), concentration of macronutrients (2,700 mg kg^–1), and slope (< 10 %), whereas annual temperature (18-26 °C), annual precipitation (1200-3000 mm), altitude (0-500 m), and pH (4.38) were included for moderate and marginal areas. Depending on the crop and the province, soil suitability was classified into two or three classes (optimal, moderate, and marginal areas), relying on the agroecological conditions specific to each crop. This study highlights that all crops showed mostly optimal soil suitability for proper development under the agroecological conditions analyzed, which contributes to the provision of valuable information to decision-makers about key limiting factors, land-use planning and mapping soil suitability when considering the best location for a specific crop.

Objective. To analyze and understand the implication of socioeconomic inequality in Kichwa bilingual education. Method. A quantitative approach with a non- experimental and descriptive design was conducted. The population and sample consisted of 108 students and 13 teachers from the Intercultural Bilingual Educational Unit "Oriente Ecuatoriano." The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with structured questions about socioeconomic inequalities and academic performance. Data analysis was conducted in stages: questionnaire delivery to teachers, detailed explanation of survey completion instructions, and was developed through statistical tests. Results. The results confirm the existence of socioeconomic dificulties with academic performance, which is supported by a moderate correlation (r = 0.5). Within the academic performance grades, an average performance of 3.5 and a strong correlation (r = 0.7) are achieved due to the constant participation of students and teachers. Meanwhile, teachers deduce that there are socioeconomic inequalities among students and that these influence different educational experiences. In relation to academic performance, a moderate correlation (r = 0.5) was determined between academic growth and socioeconomic conditions. Conclusions. There is a need to implement sensitive pedagogical approaches and programs that help achieve professional development.

Agriculture and livestock are part of the economy of the country of Ecuador, it is the backbone of the economic system, provides food and raw materials, generates sources of employment for the population and satisfies the needs of its population. Objective. To characterize the coffee, cocoa and livestock farming systems in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Materials and methods. A non-experimental descriptive exploratory cross-sectional design was used, the data collection technique was through a probabilistic sampling, under the stratified technique, the sample used was 150 farms, 25 per province, the statistical technique of multivariate analysis and principal component analysis was used. Results. Seventy-two percent of the farmers have farms of less than 10 ha. Cocoa is the predominant crop in agriculture, being the province of Napo the predominant one, however, the province of Sucumbíos has the highest surface area in cultivating crops with association and Napo without association, on the other hand, Morona Santiago is the province with the highest number of heads of cattle and the lowest number of goats, within the dendogram analysis three clusters were identified, where the first group includes most of all the variables analyzed. Conclusions. It was possible to determine the largest group of producers that have farms of less than 10 ha, the province of Sucumbíos is where most agriculture is practiced and the province of Zamora Chinchipe has the largest number of head of cattle, thus demonstrating the agricultural and livestock potential of the provinces of the Ecuadorian Amazon Region. La agricultura y la ganadería son parte de la economía del país de Ecuador, es la columna vertebral del sistema económico, proporciona alimentos y materias primas, genera fuentes de empleo en la población y satisface las necesidades de su población. Objetivo. Caracterizar los sistemas de cultivo de café, cacao y ganadero de la Amazonía ecuatoriana. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó el diseño transversal descriptivo exploratorio no experimental, la técnica de recolección de datos fue a través de un muestreo probabilístico, bajo la técnica estratificada, la muestra utilizada fue de 150 predios, 25 por provincia, se utilizó la técnica estadística de análisis multivariado y análisis de componentes principales. Resultados. El 72% de los productores tienen predios menores a 10 ha. el rubro cacao es el cultivo que predomina en la agricultura, siendo la provincia de Napo la que predomina, sin embargo, la provincia de Sucumbíos tiene la superficie más alta en cultivar los rubros con asocio y Napo sin asocios, por otro lado, Morona Santiago es la provincia con mayor número de cabezas de ganado vacuno y en menor número de ganado caprino, dentro del análisis del dendograma se identificó tres conglomerados, donde el primer grupo acoge a gran parte de todas las variables analizadas. Conclusiones. Se logró determinar el mayor grupo de productores que cuentan con predios menores a 10 ha, la provincia de Sucumbíos es donde se practica más la agricultura y la provincia de Zamora Chinchipe la que tiene el mayor número de cabezas de ganado vacuno, demostrando así la potencialidad agrícola y ganadera de las provincias de la Región Amazónica Ecuatoriana.

La generación de los NFU, junto a un manejo inadecuado producen efectos negativos al ambiente y este se refleja en la salud humana, al ser desechados en terrenos baldíos, ríos u otros lugares, es ahí donde se generan condiciones ambientales para que se produzcan incubación de vectores infecciosos. Se estima que el Ecuador se generan 240000 neumáticos anuales, y en la ciudad de Shushufindi es de 8562. A este contexto, se desarrolló esta investigación cuyo objetivo es proponer soluciones de reciclaje y reutilización de los NFU. La metodología utilizada fue mediante el uso de la metodología de investigación descriptiva y de campo, generando información primaria con la aplicación de encuestas a propietarios de los vehículos y a propietarios de vulcanizadoras. Los resultados relevantes que se determinó, es el número de vehículos matriculados en la ciudad de Shushufindi es de 3286, el tiempo de cambio de los neumáticos son por lo general a partir de los 12 meses, de ellos el 20% son reencauchados, los neumáticos con más demanda en el mercado son los neumáticos convencionales. Las alternativas de reúso de los NFU está confeccionar figuras colgantes como porta maceteros, juegos de sala, separadores de jardín y columpios con elementos recreacionales.

Cacao is one of the most important crops for Ecuador's economy, particularly in the Amazon region, where its production generates employment and economic development. However, this growth also presents significant environmental challenges, primarily related to the inadequate management of organic waste such as cacao husks and shells. This study analyzed the potential of these by-products within circular economy systems to promote sustainable waste management in cacao plantations, using Loreto Canton in Orellana Province as a case study. The primary objective was to optimize the management of organic waste through valorization strategies that reduce environmental impacts and enhance the social and economic sustainability of local producers. The methodological approach included a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) supported by GaBi software and the TRACI 2.1 methodology, alongside the implementation of a Waste Management Plan with specific indicators for efficiency, waste minimization, recycling, social and economic sustainability, and community education.The results demonstrated a significant reduction in resource consumption, such as water, fertilizers, and chemical inputs (5.13%), and a 200% decrease in the generation of organic, plastic, and hazardous waste, which were valorized through composting, recycling, and the production of industrial goods. These activities generated a 200% increase in income from the sale of by-products, such as husks and shells, and facilitated the acquisition of national and international sustainability certifications.

El cacao es uno de los cultivos más importantes en Ecuador, especialmente en la Amazonía, sin embargo, su producción genera diversos impactos ambientales y sociales, principalmente relacionados con la gestión inadecuada de residuos. Este estudio analizó el impacto ambiental de las plantaciones de cacao mediante una evaluación del ciclo de vida (ACV) con un enfoque en la economía circular, tomando como caso de estudio el cantón Loreto, provincia de Orellana. El análisis se realizó utilizando la herramienta GaBi, aplicando el método TRACI 2.1 para identificar los principales impactos ambientales desde el transporte de plantas hasta la venta del producto final. Los resultados revelaron que las emisiones de CO₂ (228 kg), SO₂ (0.00462 kg) y N (0.00128 kg) están principalmente asociadas al uso de diesel en el transporte. Se identificaron impactos significativos sobre el agua, el aire y el suelo durante las etapas de riego, abono y fertilización, así como pérdida de biodiversidad causada por el uso intensivo de insumos químicos. En conclusión, la revalorización de subproductos del cacao bajo un enfoque de economía circular, junto con la implementación de estrategias sostenibles en la gestión de insumos, puede mitigar los impactos negativos y promover una producción más sostenible.