Purpose: The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Methods: This study evaluated the right eyes from 41 post-COVID-19 cases (Group 1) and 41 healthy subjects (Group 2). Choroidal thickness was measured using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography. Post-COVID-19 cases were evaluated within 1 month after a diagnosis of COVID-19. Two experienced ophthalmologists measured the choroidal thickness at the subfovea, temporal, and nasal quadrants at 500-mu m intervals up to 1500 mu m from the fovea at seven different points. Moreover, central macular thickness and ganglion cell layer thickness were measured via OCT, after which both two groups were compared. Results: Group 1 showed a significantly thicker choroid compared to Group 2 at the subfovea, 500 mu m temporal to the fovea, 500 and 1000 mu m nasal to the fovea (p=0.011, p=0.043, p=0.009, and p=0.019, respectively). Although other areas measured were also thicker in Group 1, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Moreover, no significant difference in the central macular thickness and ganglion cell layer thickness were observed between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Choroidal thickness was increased in post-COVID-19 patients, which might be related to inflammation associated with the pathogenesis of COVID-19.

Background: Capsulorhexis is the most important step in intumescent cataract due to the high risk of radial extension of the capsular tear during the cataract surgery. The aim of this study is to present modified the two-stage capsulorhexis technique for intumescent cataract. Materials and methods: The two-stage capsulorhexis technique was used in this study. A small size capsulorhexis approximately 1.5-2 mm diameter was created in the first stage. Liquefied cortex was aspirated with a 25 G cannula to equalize anterior chamber pressure and intracapsular pressure after the small size capsulorhexis. In the second stage, a 5–6 mm capsulorhexis size was performed for a safe phacoemulsification. Results: A total of 73 consecutive patients with intumescent cataract were evaluated in this study. There were 39 male cases and 34 female cases. Mean age was 66 years ± 8 (between 53 and 84 years). A well centered complete continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis approximately 5–6 mm size was achieved in 72 of 73 cases (98.6%). Peripheral extension of capsulorhexis occurred in one eye during the second stage capsulorhexis. In this case, the capsule was cut with Vannas scissors and the capsulorhexis was completed. The rest of surgery was continued with a standard procedure and in-the-bag IOL implantation was done. Conclusions: This technique facilitates the creation of a safe capsulorhexis compared to the one-stage capsulorhexis technique. Surgeons may consider this technique to perform a safe phacoemulsification in the intumescent cataracts.

Aim: Comparison of accommodation amplitude values measured using autorefractometer, push up and minus lens technique. Material and Method: In this randomized, prospective study, both eyes of 75 healthy individuals between the ages of 15 and 40 were included in the study. They were divided into 5 groups as 15-20 age group 1, 21-25 age group 2, 26-30 age group 3, 31-35 age group 4, 36-40 age group 5 To measure the accommodation amplitude, the minus lens and push up technique were used as subjective methods, and the autorefractometer Tonoref III was used as the objective. The correlation between the measurement methods and the reproducibility of the autorefractory measurements were evaluated. In addition, changes in accommodation measurements with age, gender and pupil diameter changes were investigated. Results: The mean accommodation amplitude values were 4.86±1.73 D in the minus lens technique, 8.79±4.58 D in the push up technique, and 2.77±1.93 D in the autorefractometer measurement. Autorefractometer accommodation amplitude values were found to decrease significantly with age (p=0.000). It was seen that the correlation between autorefractometry and subjective methods, minus lens and push up was significant and correlated (p=0.000, r=0.47, p=0.001, r=0.28, respectively). Intraclass correlation coefficients of Tonoref III accommodation amplitude were found to be 0.935. Conclusion: Objective accommodation amplitude measurements made using Tonoref III were found to be correlated with subjective methods, but lower values were detected compared to subjective methods.

Objective: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a clinical condition caused by acute ischemic damage to the anterior part of the optic nerve. In this study, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images of NAION patients and healthy control subjects (HC) were analyzed and compared using an automatic segmentation method. Materials and Methods: The study included 14 patients diagnosed with NAION and 14 HC. VolBrain method, which provides brain parcellation with Voxel-Based Morphometry (VBM), was used for volumetric analysis of brain MR images. In the statistical analysis of the findings, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed. Results: We found that cerebrum, gray and white matter, frontal lobe and middle frontal gyri, occipital lobe, calcarine cortex, lingual gyrus, superior and middle occipital gyri volumes were significantly lower in NAION patients compared to the HC (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the volume analysis of the cerebellum and its parts (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Our study reveals that NAION induces volumetric changes in visual and non-visual regions of the cerebral cortex, but not in the volume of the cerebellum.