Background: The poultry industry in India, estimated to be worth about one trillion INR, was severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study was conducted in Gujarat, India to unpack the processes through which COVID-19-related factors affected the poultry production and distribution network and explore the impacts on the relevant actors. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study was conducted among 34 poultry stakeholders using semi-structured interviews. The data were thematically analyzed by adopting an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results: Convincing evidence emerged that the lockdown and the pandemic significantly impacted the production, distribution, and consumption of poultry products. Movement restrictions during the first lockdown disrupted the supply of inputs and the distribution of poultry and poultry products. Between March and June 2020, rumors contributed to a substantial decrease in the consumption of poultry products. Consumption picked up following the reopening after the lockdown and the prices and availability of poultry products. The profits, however, failed to compensate for the losses that had been incurred. Conclusions: The experience and impacts of the first COVID-19 lockdown on the poultry industry unraveled several short- and medium-term challenges in the poultry sector in India that need to be addressed to make it more resilient to similar shocks.

Introduction: The COVID-19 severely marred the Indian poultry industry, worth approximately one trillion INR. Hence, this study was conducted to understand the COVID-19 related factors that harmed the poultry production and distribution network and explore their varied impact on its actors in Gujarat, India. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study, using semi-structured interviews, was conducted with 34 poultry stakeholders in Gujarat. The data were thematically analysed using an interpretative phenomenological approach. Results: The study revealed that COVID-19 and the associated lockdown had hugely impacted the production, distribution and consumption of poultry products. The first COVID-19 lockdown disrupted the supply of production inputs and the distribution of poultry and poultry products because of movement restrictions. Rumours also played a crucial role in decreasing the consumption of poultry products between March and June 2020. The market situation, including the prices and availability of poultry products, was found to be improved post-lockdown as there was an increase in consumption; however, the profits were not sufficient to immediately compensate for the losses incurred during the lockdown. Conclusion: The first COVID-19 lockdown restricted the production and distribution of essential goods and influenced the perception of consumers regarding poultry products. COVID-19 resulted in many short- and medium-term challenges in the poultry sectors in India, which need to be addressed to make this sector more resilient to face any such crisis in future.

Poultry farming in Gujarat faces persistent challenges from infectious diseases, foodborne pathogens, and the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), necessitating the adoption of stringent biosecurity measures encompassing isolation, traffic control, and sanitation. The study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and effectiveness of biosecurity practices among line supervisors involved in contractual commercial broiler farming in Gujarat. This study evaluated the socio-economic characteristics and biosecurity knowledge of 33 line supervisors through a one-day capacity-building training program. Pre- and post-training assessments, including structured questionnaires and Likert scales, were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and Factor Analysis of Mixed Data (FAMD) in R (v4.0.2). Results revealed that most participants were young (mean age 33.94), married males with higher secondary or graduate education and over a decade of poultry farming experience. Post-training evaluations showed a significant improvement in biosecurity knowledge and practices, with 75.76 % rating the training as excellent and was recognized as useful by 90.91 % of respondents. Furthermore, for the non-implementation of comprehensive biosecurity measures by the farmers, lack of awareness was the major attribute given by line supervisors (57.58 %) for the farmers, followed by inadequate control (51.52 %) and insufficient knowledge (48.48 %). Additionally, FAMD identified 76 epidemiological points across breeding farms, commercial broiler farms, and markets, offering insights into zoonotic risk and poultry distribution network (PDN) structure. The findings investigated the need for structured training and advisory support, along with government-led financial incentives, to strengthen biosecurity implementation in poultry systems.