Industry 4.0 is characterized by smart manufacturing, implementation of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) for production, i.e., embedded actuators and sensors, networks of microcomputers, and linking the machines to the value chain. It further considers the digital enhancement and reengineering of products. It is also characterized by highly differentiated customized products, and well-coordinated combination of products and services, and also the value added services with the actual product or service, and efficient supply chain. All these challenges require continuous innovation and learning, which is dependent on people and enterprise's capabilities. Appropriate management approaches can play a vital role in the development of dynamic capabilities, and effective learning and innovation climate. This paper aims at offering a viewpoint on best suitable management practices which can promote the climate of innovation and learning in the organization, and hence facilitate the business to match the pace of industry 4.0. This paper is one of the initial attempts to draw the attention towards the important role of management practices in industry 4.0, as most of the recent studies are discussing the technological aspect. This paper also suggests empirical and quantitative investigation on these management approaches in the context of industry 4.0.

Despite the acknowledged importance of knowledge management (KM), many employees avoid practicing KM at the individual level. This avoidance often leads to loss of the intellectual capital due to employee turnover. Many potential behavioural remedies are still untapped in the existing literature. This study extends the construct of knowledge oriented leadership (KOL) and examines its role in predicting KM behaviour among employees of the hospitality sector, at the individual level. It also investigates the mediating effect of employee work attitudes including affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and work engagement, by using partial least square for structure equation modelling. This study finds that KOL positively affects KM behaviour, affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and employee work engagement. Work attitudes (affective commitment, creative self-efficacy, work engagement) mediate the relationship of KOL and KM behaviour. Furthermore the direct positive effect of employee affective commitment, creative self-efficacy and work engagement on KM behaviour is also significant. This study contributes to the body of knowledge by extending the construct of KOL, and by investigating the connection between KOL, work attitudes, and KM behaviour among hospitality employees, at the individual level.

Industry 4.0 and its impact in the manufacturing sector are well documented. However, the service sector is understudied, and it is also facing the challenges of mass customization, digital enhancement, smart work environment, and efficient supply chain. The aim of this study is to fill this research gap by exploring the issues of Industry 4.0 in the service sector, with cases in the hospitality industry. All the challenges of Industry 4.0 require continuous innovation and learning, which is dependent on people and the enterprise’s capabilities. Appropriate management approaches can play a vital role in the development of dynamic capabilities, and an effective learning and innovation environment. This paper proposes a framework of management practices which can promote the environment of innovation and learning in an organization, and hence facilitate business to match the pace of Industry 4.0 by facilitating technology acceptance e.g., digital enhancements and implementation of cyber physical systems (CPS). This study integrates the literature with logical beliefs to suggest the appropriate management practices for Industry 4.0. It represents one of the initial attempts to draw research attention towards the important role of management practices in Industry 4.0, as most of the recent studies have been restricted to the technological aspects. Semi-structured interviews of hospitality employees are conducted to explore the management practices suitable for meeting the challenges of Industry 4.0, specifically for informing the service sector.