Background and Objectives: Triclosan-coated sutures (antibacterial sutures) can reduce the risk of postoperative surgical site infection. This study aimed to investigate the effect of intraoperative factors, including antibacterial sutures, on the risk of postpartum septic complications. Materials and Methods: The prospective study included patients who underwent caesarean section. The exclusion criterion was chorioamnionitis. The investigation group patient’s (n = 67) uterus and fascial sheath of the abdominal wall were sutured with triclosan-coated polyglactin 910 sutures during surgery. The control group consisted of 98 patients using uncoated polyglactin 910 sutures only. The patients were contacted by phone after the 30th postoperative day. Results: No significant difference was found between the investigation group and the control group in the development of postpartum endometritis (11.7% in the investigation group vs. 8.4% in the control group, p = 0.401), wound infection (6.3% vs. 3.6%, p = 0.444) or patients experienced any septic complication (15.9% vs. 12%, p = 0.506). Postpartum endometritis was more common in patients who underwent instrumental uterine examination during the surgery (23.8% vs. 18%, p = 0.043). A moderately strong correlation was found for haemoglobin level on the third–fourth postoperative day with the development of postpartum septic complications, p < 0.001, Pearson coefficient −0.319. Post-caesarean delivery septic complications were not statistically more common in patients with blood loss greater than 1 L. The incidence of post-caesarean endometritis was 13.4%, and wound infection was 4.8% in this study’s hospital, having five to six thousand deliveries per year. Conclusions: Using antibacterial sutures during caesarean section does not affect the incidence of postpartum septic complications. Instrumental uterine examination during caesarean section increases the risk of post-caesarean endometritis and is, therefore, not recommended. Haemoglobin level on the 3rd–4th postoperative day, rather than the estimated blood loss during surgery, affects the development of postpartum septic complications.

Introduction: Latvia, alongside other Baltic and Nordic countries, exhibits some of the world's lowest preterm birth (PTB) rates. We sought to identify the factors sustaining this stability and to examine how PTB structure, trends, and risk factors have evolved in Latvia over time, amid the nation's significant socioeconomic transformation in recent decades.Material and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed all term and PTBs in Latvia from 2000 to 2023, using data from the Disease Prevention and Control Centre's Health Statistics database. We evaluated records at 5‐year intervals, assessing temporal trends in PTB and term birth outcomes, including neonatal and perinatal mortality, labor onset (spontaneous or indicated), and prematurity subgroups, alongside known PTB risk factors (n = 16). Joinpoint regression identified significant trend shifts, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.Results: Latvia's overall PTB rate remained stable at 5.5% from 2000 to 2023, with no significant trend, while the proportion of spontaneous versus indicated PTB changed over time. Spontaneous extremely PTB decreased by 0.7% every 5 years, from 8.5% in 2000 to 5.2% in 2023 (p = 0.005), and very to moderate PTB declined by 1.3% every 5 years, from 26.2% to 19.5% over the same period (p = 0.011). A significant upward trend was identified in the total indicated PTB rate, with an increase of 3.3% every 5 years, rising from 12.5% in 2000 to 29.2% in 2023 (p = 0.036), driven by the increase in late indicated PTBs. Perinatal mortality for PTB in Latvia declined significantly by 1.21% every 5 years, from 13.15% in 2000 to 7.09% in 2023 (p = 0.005). Primiparity, smoking, urinary tract infections, and lower education levels among PTB mothers decreased significantly, while maternal age, previous cesarean sections, and intrauterine growth restriction as PTB risk factors increased.Conclusions: Despite PTB structure and risk factor shifts, Latvia's 5.5% PTB rate remained stable over two decades, with indicated PTB rising due to expanded late preterm indications. Improved neonatal and perinatal mortality reflect effective guidelines, socioeconomic growth, and care investments, countering adverse trends.

Background/Objectives: The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of medication treatment with glycyrrhizinic acid for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1 lesions. Methods: Women with histologically confirmed CIN 1 in cervical biopsies were included in the prospective study. Participants of the study group used glycyrrhizinic acid spray (Epigen spray) topically 10 days (Epigen 10-day subgroup) or 20 days (Epigen 20-day subgroup) per month for 6 months. Women in the control group had no treatment. There were two follow-up visits 6 months apart. All patients were screened for human papillomavirus (HPV) before enrollment and during the first follow-up visit. Results: There were 50 patients in the Epigen group and 50 patients in the control group. At the first follow-up visit, in the histological findings, progression to CIN 2+ was 6.7% in the Epigen 20-day subgroup, 31.1% in the control group, and the persistence of CIN 1 was 86.7% in the Epigen 20-day subgroup and 62.2% in the control group, p = 0.03. Large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) was statistically significantly more frequent in the control group after the first follow-up visit (10% in the Epigen 20-day subgroup vs. 30% in the control group, p = 0.032). No such relationships were found during the second follow-up visit. Conclusions: The vaginal spray of the glycyrrhizinic acid used 20 days per month appears to decrease the risk of the progression of CIN 1 lesions, with the need to perform LLETZ. However, a similar effect is not observed after stopping usage.