The new coronavirus infection (COVID-1 9) is a socially significant problem around the world. According to available statistics, complications are less common among children, asymptomatic or mild forms of the disease prevail more often.This article presents the features of the viral landscape of the upper respiratory tract in children with ARVI in a pandemic, the clinical and laboratory features of the course of COVID-1 9 in children of different ages.It was found that SARS-CoV-2 is detected only in a third (32.9%) of hospitalized patients with respiratory symptoms, in 4.3% of cases — in combination with seasonal CoV-OC43 / CoV-229E, in 1 1.6% — with other respiratory viruses. The most frequent source of infection with the SARS-Cov-2 were family members. Children with a moderate form of the disease predominated among the patients. The leading symptoms of COVID-19 were fever, catarrhal symptoms, as well as gastrointestinal manifestations and anosmia. A feature of the new coronavirus infection in newborns and children of the first month of life was the absence of fever and intoxication, the lack of expression of catarrhal manifestations when the colon is involved in the pathological process (colitis, rarely — hemocolitis). In the compete blood test in children under the age of one year, monocytosis prevailed, in children over 7 years old — leukopenia and accelerated ESR. Among the changes in the biochemical analysis of blood, the most common was an increased C-reactive protein.

Measles is still an major public health problem in many countries. According to the World Health Organization, up to 3 million measles cases were recorded annually. Measles was one of the main causes of death among young children in the pre-vaccine period. More than 10 million children died of measles every year throughout the world. In 2014, on a global scale, there were 114 900 deaths from measles almost 314 deaths per day or 13 deaths per hour. The main cause of death from measles are complications from the respiratory tract (pneumonia), the central nervous system (meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, encephalomyelitis), gastrointestinal tract (diarrhea). Between 2000 and 2014, mass measles vaccination reduced global measles mortality rate by 79%, and about 17.1 million children's lives were saved. However, measles still remains endemic and, one of the leading causes of childhood mortality in developing countries as a result of lack of immunization policies. Up to 98% of measles mortality are registered in developing countries, such India, Bangladesh, Nigeria, RDC, etc. If in the pre-vaccine period, measles affected predominantly children aged less than five years, the global immunization era led to a change in the measles-age-category pattern. The increase measles occurency in adults is due to the loss of protective antibodies, that last generally for 10 to 15 years after vaccination in only 36% of the vaccinees. Complications due to measles in adolescents and adults are most likely than in children. However, immunocompetent individuals may have repeated measles infections. The possibility of transplacental transmission of the disease: measles in pregnant women leads to a higher risk of premature birth, spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, and with a woman at the end of pregnancy intrauterine infection and the birth of a child with signs of measles. In the absence of specific anti-measles antibodies in the mother, the child may become ill in theantenatal period. Differential diagnosis of measles is carried out with infections that occur with exanthema syndrome (parvovirus B19, sudden exanthema, etc.). Etiotropic therapy is carried out with preparations of recombinant interferon (viferon, etc.). Doses of drugs and the duration of treatment are determined by the severity of the disease. Pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy is strongly recommended.

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EBV-mononucleosis is a widespread infectious disease, and also it is an urgent problem of the whole world. The purpose of the research was to study the clinical and laboratory features of EBV-mononucleosis in hospitalized children of different ages in modern conditions. Under the supervision were 136 children aged from 1 year to 18 years. All of the patients had typical and mainly (85%) moderate form of the disease, and 15% of them patients had a severe form of the disease. The results: more severe fever and lymphadenopathy were observed in children older than 3 years. Acute tonsillitis was present in all hospitalized children. Adenoiditis and hepatosplenomegaly were greater in the group of patients of a younger age. Hyperfermentemia was determined in more than half of patients, more often in children over 12 years old. In the hemogram leukocytosis and monocytosis were mostly noted. Atypical blood mononuclear cells were detected in 89% of patients. Patients got complex etiopathogenetic therapy.

Coronaviruses can cause damage to various parts of the respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs and systems.The aim of the study: to monitor the circulation of seasonal coronaviruses in hospitalized children in the pre-pandemic period.Materials and methods: real-time multiplex PCR was used to test samples of nasopharyngeal mucus from 2188 patients aged 1 monthto 17 years, hospitalized with acute respiratory infection in 2014—2018. The results are presented with the indication of the fractions (%) and the calculation of the 95% confidence interval according to Klopper-Pearson. The differences between the groups were evaluated using the Pearson χ2 test. The differences in the groups were considered statistically significant at the level of the criterion p< 0.05.Results: monitoring of the circulation of pathogens of acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) during 5 epidemic seasons showed that the appearance of a new subtype of coronavirus in 2019 was preceded by a gradual displacement of influenza, RS-and bocavirus infections from the circulation due to a statistically significant increase in the proportion of seasonal coronaviruses from 3.6% in 2014—2015 to 10.8% in the prepandemic season 2018—2019 (p= 0.007). The circulation of seasonal coronaviruses had a distinct seasonality (november-april)with the peak of registration in february (28.4%) and march (36.7%). Seasonal coronaviruses were detected in 7.3% of hospitalized children with ARVI, with a predominance in the age groups under 2 years (58.2%) and 3—6 years (25.4%). Hospitalization was more often required for patients with lower respiratory tract lesions (58.2%), a fifth of which was pneumonia (21.8%). In most children, ARVI caused by coronaviruses occurred as a monoinfection (79.9%), combined infection with other pathogens was observed in 20.1% of cases with fluctuations from 18.2% to 28.6% in different epidemic seasons. Viral associations are most common in young children (85.2%).

Влияние пандемии COVID-19 на инфекционную заболеваемость у детей в условиях мегаполиса