Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkiye’de insanların farklı cinsiyet, yaş, meslek, eğitim grubu vb. durumlarına göre; sosyal medya bağımlılığı, kullanım oranı, en çok kullanılan sosyal medya aracı, kullanım sıklığı ve kullanım amacının ölçülmesidir. Yöntem: Bu araştırma tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın verileri, internet ortamında ‘Google Forms’ üzerinde hazırlanan ölçekler aracılığıyla Türkiye geneline uygulanarak elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma evreni Türkiye ve çalışma grubu ise uzaktan erişimle 2021 yılı anketi doldurarak araştırmaya katılan 5176 internet kullanıcısıdır. Araştırmanın verileri, kişisel bilgi formu ve Tutgun-Ünal ve Deniz (2015) tarafından geliştirilen “Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği” kullanılarak internet ortamında ‘Google Forms’ üzerinde online cevaplanabilecek şekle getirilmiş, ardından katılımcılar için link oluşturularak online anket tekniği ile yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın istatistiksel analizleri SPSS 25.0 programı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulguları gösteriyor ki, insanlar genel olarak sosyal medya kullanmaktan rahatsız değiller, aksine memnunlar. Sosyal medya uygulamalarından en fazla İnstagram uygulaması kullanılmakta, sosyal medya bağımlılığı puanları yaş attıkça azalmış fakat emeklilik az da olsa bir artış göstermiştir. Yine araştırmanın bulgularına göre sosyal medya bağımlılığı puanları en yüksek öğrenci-14-18 yaşlar ve işsiz(çalışmayan) kesimde çıkmıştır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı puanları ile sosyal medyada geçirilen süre arasında pozitif ilişki olduğu görülmüş, bekarlarda evlilere nazaran ve kadınlarda erkeklere nazaran daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

In youth age, problem solving is defined as a response given in an important and difficult situation. This research aims to examine if there is a significant difference between “the problem solving abilities” of the university students on variables of students’ residential conditions, class levels, gender and age. Sample of the study is formed by totally 890 students (452 female, 439 male,; 322 of them are living with their families, 271 of them in dormitories, 298 of them in private houses) who are studying in first, second, third and forth classes studying in various departments at Selcuk University in Konya during 2008–2009. ‘Problem solving inventory’ is used which was translated by Şahin et al. (1993) and developed by Heppner and Peterson (1982) in order to determine the capability of solving problem. To find out their personal traits “personal information form” is used which was prepared by the researcher. The results of the research indicated significant differences in problem solving ability of undergraduate students depending on all variables.

Background: Evidence that the birth process of physically active women go through more easily than inactive women goes back to ancient times. As a result, women's orientation to physical activity during pregnancy indicates that they will have a very beneficial and comfortable period both before and after pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exercise on the anxiety levels of pregnant and non-pregnant women in terms of various variables. Methods: Pregnant Information Form and Cambridge Anxiety Scale created by the researchers were used as data collection tools in the study. Data collection tools were applied by the researcher using face to face interview method. In the analysis of the data obtained in the study, percentage and frequency descriptive statistical methods to determine the distribution of the personal information of the participants, T-test, One Way Anova Test First of all, Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett tests were used to measure the conformity of the expressions to the factor analysis, reliability and validity of the anxiety scale used. After it was determined that the validity condition was met, the mean and standard deviation values for the scale expressions were calculated. Conclusion: According to the findings, the anxiety levels of the participants; According to the results of the analysis on whether there is a significant difference according to their age, average age, education level, income status, number of children, current health status, frequency of doing sports, type of sport, motivating factors for sports, anxiety levels for themselves during the pandemic process, during the pandemic process. It has been determined that there is a significant difference according to their anxiety levels for their babies, their pregnancy status and their relationship with sports. Result: It was determined that the level of anxiety did not differ according to the number of pregnancies, the number of miscarriages, the duration of pregnancy and social security status. Keywords: Pregnancy, Exercise, Anxiety.

The purpose of this study was to examine the levels of self-forgiveness and self-compassion among taekwondo athletes as an approach to training and performance improvement based on a number of variables. Through convenience sampling, 532 taekwondo athletes (246 females, 286 males) were selected. Data were collected using the Self-Forgiveness Scale developed by Griffin Worthington et al. (2018) and adapted to Turkish by Kaya et al. (2021), and the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form adapted to Turkish by Yıldırım and Sarı (2018). The distribution of the participants's background information was displayed using descriptive statistics (e.g., percentages and frequencies) and skewness-kurtosis values were checked for normality. In addition to descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used due to the non-normality of the data. Participants' self-forgiveness levels varied significantly by gender, age, athletic background, and category. No significant differences were found in the sub dimensions of SFDPS and SCS based on previous injuries (p>0.05). A discussion on the study's limitations took place, and suggestions for future research were provided.

This article examines the role of biodegradable packaging in addressing the issue of extending the shelf life of food products. The ecological and economic advantages of biodegradable packaging, as well as its properties that contribute to preserving product quality, are discussed. A review of scientific studies and literature in the field of biodegradable packaging is conducted. Research by various scientists on biodegradable packaging, their key findings, and recommendations are analyzed. Furthermore, an overview of international practices and standards is provided, and the current state and prospects for the use of biodegradable packaging in Kazakhstan are assessed. Special attention is given to the positive impact of such packaging on the environment, particularly the decomposition rate of waste. Priority is placed on improving the properties of biodegradable packaging based on natural polymers and their efficient use in ensuring the safety of food products such as bakery items. These packages not only reduce harm to nature but also enhance the quality of food products. Currently, such technologies contribute to the development of environmentally friendly production and economic efficiency. Additionally, increasing the production and use of biodegradable packaging is considered an essential part of achieving sustainable development goals.