Radical Ring‐opening polymerization (RROP) of cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs) emerges to be a valuable polymerization technique. In attracting more attention, RROP has seen a new spike in publications, which the authors will put into perspective. This review will hence address the progress made on the number of available CKAs and the synthetic strategies to get them. In grouping, the available monomers into distinct categories, the enormous variety of available CKAs will be highlighted. Polymerizations of CKAs without vinylenes have the potential to yield fully biodegradable polymers, which is why this kind of polymerization is the focus of this review. Detailing the current understanding of the mechanism, the various side reactions will be noted and also their effect on the overall properties of the final polymers. Current attempts to control the ring‐retaining and branching reactions will be discussed as well. In addition to the polymerization itself, the available materials will be discussed as well as homopolymers, copolymers of CKAs, and block‐copolymers with pure CKA‐blocks have significantly widened the range of possible applications of materials from RROP. Altogether this review highlights the progress in the entire field of RROP just of CKAs to give a holistic overview of the field.
We report on the synthesis and self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(2-(3-ethylheptyl)-2-oxazoline) (PEO-b-PEHOx), a new amphiphilic diblock copolymer obtained via microwave-assisted polymerization of EHOx using a new nosylated PEO macroinitiator. The kinetics of the polymerization in different solvents was crucial to optimize the synthesis and revealed a controlled, yet fast polymerization of the AB diblock copolymer. Differential scanning calorimetry proved that PEO-b-PEHOx shows glass transition temperatures below room temperature, making it suitable for a wide range of self-assembly methods, especially under mild and solvent-free conditions. Self-assembly of PEO-b-PEHOx was then performed using film rehydration and solvent switch. In both cases, we were able to show the formation of various complex structures (multi-compartment micelles (MCMs), pseudo-vesicles and yolk/shell nanoparticles) by light scattering, TEM and Cryo-TEM. Our results show that PEO-b-PEHOx is a potent new AB diblock copolymer due to its fast synthesis and unique self-assembly behavior.
Responsive and biodegradable nanoparticles are essential for functional drug delivery systems. We herein report the first pH sensitive polyester from radical ring-opening polymerisation of novel amine-bearing cyclic ketene acetals (CKAs). The CKAs were synthesised via an intermediate carbonate and the resulting polyesters showed a pKa around pH 6. Together with an initial application in biodegradable nanoparticles, they open the pathway for a new generation of functional polyesters.