An increasing number of studies reported that exogenous miRNAs (xenomiRs) can be detected in animal bodies, however, some others reported negative results. Some attributed this divergence to the selective absorption of plant-derived xenomiRs by animals. Here, we analyzed 166 plant-derived xenomiRs reported in our previous study and 942 non-xenomiRs extracted from miRNA expression profiles of four species of commonly consumed plants. Employing statistics analysis and cluster analysis, our study revealed the potential sequence specificity of plant-derived xenomiRs. Furthermore, a random forest model and a one-dimensional convolutional neural network model were trained using miRNA sequence features and raw miRNA sequences respectively and then employed to predict unlabeled plant miRNAs in miRBase. A total of 241 possible plant-derived xenomiRs were predicted by both models. Finally, the potential functions of these possible plant-derived xenomiRs along with our previously reported ones in human body were analyzed. Our study, for the first time, presents the systematic plant-derived xenomiR sequences analysis and provides evidence for selective absorption of plant miRNA by human body, which could facilitate the future investigation about the mechanisms underlying the transference of plant-derived xenomiR.

The respiratory rate (RR) serves as a critical physiological parameter in the context of both diagnostic and prognostic evaluations. Due to the challenges of direct measurement, RR is still predominantly measured through the traditional manual counting-breaths method in clinic practice. Numerous algorithms and machine learning models have been developed to predict RR using physiological signals, such as electrocardiogram (ECG) or/and photoplethysmogram (PPG) signals. Yet, the accuracy of these existing methods on available datasets remains limited, and their prediction on new data is also unsatisfactory for actual clinical applications. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced Transformer model with inception blocks for predicting RR based on both ECG and PPG signals. To evaluate the generalization capability on new data, our model was trained and tested using subject-level ten-fold cross-validation using data from both BIDMC and CapnoBase datasets. On the test set, our model achieved superior performance over five popular deep-learning-based methods with mean absolute error (1.2) decreased by 36.5% and correlation coefficient (0.85) increased by 84.8% compared to the best results of these models. In addition, we also proposed a new pipeline to preprocess ECG and PPG signals to improve model performance. We believe that the development of the TransRR model is expected to further expedite the clinical implementation of automatic RR estimation.

This study investigated the effects of varying concentrations of peanut shell flavonoids (PSFs) on the properties of peanut meal extract‐tilapia skin protein composite films and their impact on cherry tomatoes preservation. Peanut meal alcohol extract (Pe) and tilapia skin protein (Co) were used as base materials, combined with PSFs to prepare composite films with excellent antioxidant properties. The results demonstrated that the optimized composite films exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 9.83 MPa and an elongation at break of 204.04%. Increased flavonoid content enhanced the films' antioxidant capacity, achieving superoxide anion and DPPH radical scavenging rates of 15.08% and 21.37%, respectively. The microstructure, IR spectra, and circular dichroism spectra of the composite films are also significantly different with the change of flavonoid content. In the cherry tomato preservation experiment, the PeCo‐0.5 composite film treatment group maintained a low weight loss rate (11.18%) and malondialdehyde content (13.33 μmol/g) after 15 days, delayed the peak respiration rate, and significantly reduced the peak respiration intensity (3.43 mgCO ₂ ∙ mg ⁻¹ ∙gh ⁻¹ ). At the same time, the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the tissue of Cherry Tomatoes was significantly inhibited, and the decrease rate of Vc content was also significantly decreased, which effectively preserving the bright color, smooth appearance, and good aroma of the cherry tomatoes. This study not only provides new insights into the comprehensive utilization of tilapia skin and peanut by‐products but also opens new avenues for the development and application of fruit and vegetable preservation films.