Isolated left ventricular hypoplasia is an entity with uncertain natural history and etiology. The presentation could vary from being asymptomatic to sudden death. This form of cardiomyopathy has been reported in infants as well as in adults. This case report aims to alert physicians to this diagnosis and the undeniable advantage of cardiac magnetic resonance.

Indirect inguinal hernia is a common congenital abnormality in children. In female infants, herniation of the ovaries, fallopian tubes and uterus has been reported. Herniation of the ovaries is a rare congenital condition that may be complicated by strangulation, torsion, and infertility. A 6-week-old female infant presented with visible swelling in the right inguinal region. This case highlights the utility of ultrasonography as a cheap and easily available imaging technique that can be used for the characterization of the hernial contents, and guide the management, further accentuated by the use of color Doppler imaging, of this subtle but crucial entity.

Assessment of the ovarian morphology is one of the most commonly performed ultrasound examinations. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a multifactorial, multifaceted, polygenic disorder with varying phenotypes. It defines a labyrinthine symptomatology including menstrual cycle irregularities, hormonal imbalance, and metabolic disturbance. Historically, this syndrome has been diagnosed clinically with supportive lab parameters. However, the role of ultrasound has mutated from identifying, to mis-defining and finally to re-classifying PCOS. At present it seems that the ultrasound identification of the ‘string of pearls’ has cemented this disease with a misleading name. A supposed increase in the detection of polycystic ovarian morphology on ultrasound has been accredited to advances in technology allowing better visualisation of the ovaries/stroma/follicles by higher frequency probes with the possibility of endovaginal imaging. Nevertheless, there is a disparity in what the ultrasound shows, how the clinician interprets the report, and what the patient understands about her diagnosis. Identification of the multifollicular ovary is still quite frequently ascribed to PCOS, while ovarian ultrasound remains ambiguous to the different phenotype of PCOS. Whether morphological disparities represent a normal variation in ovarian anatomy or true precursors of PCOS remains debatable. The absence of definition of a ‘normal’ ovary with respect to volume and follicular number, makes the diagnosis of PCOS more challenging.

This article describes the diagnosis of causes of abnormal uterine bleeding with experience of the biggest medical institute in Kashmir, India. We work in a low resource setting where unavailabity of hysteroscopy made us acknowledge the accuracy and efficacy of saline infusion sonohysterography in diagnosis of patients with AUB thus helping guide their management.

Myeloma is a disease of neoplastic plasma cells that synthesize an abnormal amount of immunoglobulins (Igs) or Ig fragments. Multiple myeloma is associated with many complications such as impaired hematopoiesis resulting in anemia and other cytopenias, osteolytic bone lesions, hypercalcemia, and renal dysfunction. However, myelomatous pleural effusion is a rare complication of multiple myeloma, particularly at initial presentation. Herein, we report such a rare complication of myelomatous pleural effusion as initial presentation in a 65-year-old female with IgG type of myeloma.