Background: Short stature remains a global problem and is associated with vitamin D status. Vitamin D is also a neurosteroid with regard to neurotrophic factors but its role in development is unclear. Therefore, this study analyzed the relationships between vitamin D, NGF, GDNF, and BDNF and developmental status in children with a history of short stature (<2 years). Methods: This research is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in March 2022. The vitamin D, NGF, GDNF, and BDNF levels were measured in stored biological materials from children aged 2–4 years, and their Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3) scores were also assessed. The results were analyzed via the chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, Mann–Whitney test for NGF, unpaired t-test, and Spearman rank correlation. Results: Among the 85 study subjects, 41.2% were short in stature, with 37% having developmental deviation. Male sex (p = 0.038) and low maternal education (p = 0.024) were associated with short stature. The mean vitamin D level was lower (p = 0.041) in children with short stature (27.65 ng/dL). The risk factors associated with short stature were vitamin D levels ≤ 32.7 ng/dL, GDNF levels ≤ 12.99 ng/mL, male sex, and low maternal education. Children with short stature (<2 years old) also demonstrated impaired problem-solving as assessed by the ASQ-3 (p = 0.005). Vitamin D was also associated with gross motor skills (p = 0.035) and personal social development (p = 0.038). Conclusions: There was no association of vitamin D with NGF, GDNF, or BDNF levels. Vitamin D levels are associated with short stature and development in children, especially gross motor skills, personal social development, and problem solving.

Anemia and stunted growth are major health problems with adverse consequences for children. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, characteristics, and hematological profile of anemia among stunted children under 2 years old. A nested cross-sectional study from a child cohort was conducted in Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Two hundred twenty-two children aged 6 to 24 months were randomly selected. These children were reexamined from November 2019 to March 2020 for anthropometric measurements and hematological assessment and interviewed for relevant risk factors of stunted growth and anemia. Ninety-eight stunted children were identified and distributed into stunted and severely stunted groups (47.96 vs. 52.04%). Around 85.4% of the children came from low-income families and 31.7% were severely underweight for age. Surprisingly most of these stunted children had normal birth weight and length and were born at term (68.3, 53.7, and 85.4%). The prevalence rate of anemia among stunted children was 41.8%, they had decreased mean corpuscular volume (56%), decreased mean corpuscular hemoglobin (73%), and normochromic mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations (51.2%). Leucocytosis was higher than leucopenia (10 vs. 3.7%) and thrombocytosis (n = 15, 36%) as compared to thrombocytopenia (n = 5, 12%). The prevalence of anemia was high among stunted children. The characteristics of stunted children with and without anemia were similar. The fact that these stunted children had few risk factors for stunting emphasizes the need to focus on improved postnatal care to prevent faltering. Based on the hematology profile, iron deficiency anemia was suspected to be the most etiology in these cases warranting further follow-up and management.

Latar belakang. Infeksi pada susunan saraf pusat (SSP) dapat memberikan dampak permanen, seperti ganguan fungsi kognitif dan fisik apabila terlambat mendapatkan penanganan. Perubahan komposisi cairan serebrospinalis (LCS) dapat digunakan sebagai indikator pada infeksi SSP. Studi kepustakaan pada karakteristik perubahan komposisi LCS masih sulit ditemukan sehingga diperlukan studi lebih lanjut mengenai hal ini. Tujuan. Mengetahui gambaran LCS pada pasien anak dengan infeksi susunan saraf pusat. Metode. Deskriptif potong lintang terhadap rekam medis pasien anak dengan infeksi susunan saraf pusat rawat inap di RSUP Dokter Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Januari 2015-Agustus 2019. Hasil. Dari 211 subjek penelitian dengan rentang usia 1 bulan hingga 18 tahun diperoleh rerata usia 7,18, median usia 5, dan standar deviasi usia 6,53. Diperoleh pada kelompok usia 1 bulan-2 tahun 39,8%, 3-6 tahun 14,7%;, 7-12 tahun 12,8%; dan 13-18 tahun 32,7%. Diperoleh 45,5% sampel merupakan infeksi tuberkulosis (TB), 21,3% sampel infeksi virus, 9,5% sampel infeksi bakteri, dan 23,7% sampel infeksi tidak spesifik. Kesimpulan. Pemeriksaan LCS sangat penting dilakukan untuk menunjang diagnosis infeksi SSP. Sebagian besar LCS menunjukkan gambaran infeksi yang disebabkan oleh TB

Latar belakang. Sebagian kasus neuromuskular dapat ditegakkan berdasarkan klinis. Pemeriksaan penunjang, pemeriksaan imunologi dan analisis genetik sangat penting diperiksa untuk memastikan diagnosis. Ini merupakan penelitian pertama mengenai prevalensi penyakit neuromuskular di Indonesia.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi, spektrum klinis, dan gambaran neurofisiologi kasus neuromuskular di RSCM periode Januari – Desember 2017.Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat retrospektif dari Januari – Desember 2017.Hasil. Di tahun 2017 terdapat 179 pasien (usia 1 bulan – 18 tahun) yang dirujuk untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan elektromiografi, dan 130 pasien memenuhi kriteria diagnostik penyakit neuromuskular. Dari seluruh pasien kelainan neuromuskular yang sering ditemukan berturut-turut adalah neuropati perifer (22,2%), Duchenne muscular dystrophy (15,6%), brachialis plexus injury (15,2%), Bell’s palsy (7,6%), Erb Palsy (6,1%), chronic inflamatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (5,4 %), spinal muscular atrophy type 1 (4,6 %), spinal muscular atrophy type 2 (3,8%), miastenia gravis okular (3,8%), Limb Girdle muscular dystrophy (3,1%), sindrom Guillain Barre (3,1%), sindrom Guillain Barre-tipe acute motor axonal neuropathy (2,3%), sindrom Guillain Barre-tipe acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (1,5%), miastenia gravis umum (1,5%), Charcot Marie tooth (1,5%), miotonia kongenital (1,5%), dan miositis viral akut (1,5%). Kesimpulan. Prevalensi kelainan neuromuskular anak RSCM sebesar 2,6 % dari seluruh pasien yang dilakukan datang ke poli saraf anak. Lima terbanyak kelainan neuromuskular adalah neuropati perifer, Ducchenne Muscular dystrophy, spinal muskular atrofi, sindrom Guillain Barre, dan chronic inflamatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Introduction: Nephrotic syndrome (NS) is characterized by swelling, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, or hyperlipidemia. The incidence of NS depends on the country and ethnicity and is highest in Asia than in Europe. Nephrotic syndrome can cause complications such as arterial thromboembolism (ATE) due to a hypercoagulable state. Case Presentation: We encountered a 9-year-old boy with NS and infarct stroke, which was treated with corticosteroid and low molecular weight of heparin with clinical improvement. Conclusions: We recommend that all NS children with high platelet levels perform thromboelastography (TEG) examination and use prophylactic anticoagulation with monitoring of bleeding risk during therapy.

Introduction: Systemic lupus erythematosus in children generally manifests more severely with a more aggressive disease course. Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus often does not show specific signs and symptoms, but speckle-tracking echocardiography can detect cardiac dysfunction. This study aimed to determine the differences in left ventricular function as measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography in children with various severity of systemic lupus erythematosus activity.Methods: A cross-sectional study of 49 children diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus are currently undergoing outpatient or inpatient care at Dr Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, from May 2023 to June 2023. Disease activity was assessed by Mexican Version of the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (MEX-SLEDAI) with a score of 2–5 classified as mild activity, 6–9 as moderate, and ≥10 as severe. Each subject underwent conventional echocardiography and speckle-tracking echocardiography with a Philips EPIQ machine performed by a Pediatric Cardiologist Consultant 10 days after inclusion.Results: Fifteen (30.6%) subjects had mild disease activity, and 34 (69.4%) subjects had moderate disease activity. Most subjects (81.96%) were female with an average age of 15 years. The mean ejection fraction and fractional shortening as well as the median E/A ratio in the mild and moderate disease activity groups were not significantly different (65.76 versus 67.38%, 35.73 versus 37.11%, 1.6 versus 1.5%, respectively, p > 0.005). The global longitudinal strain in the moderate activity group was reduced more significantly than in the mild activity group (−16.58 versus −19.65, p = 0.008).Conclusion: Left ventricular function as measured by speckle-tracking echocardiography was lower in children with moderate systemic lupus erythematosus activity than those with mild disease activity.