Backgrounds: Omega-3 supplements are endorsed for heart failure (HF) patients to reduce hospitalizations and mortality, offering anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective benefits. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in various databases until November 2022. Eligible studies included clinical trials on patients with HF. Data extraction covered study details, omega-3 specifics, outcomes, and limitations. The JADAD scale was used to assess the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials. Results: The review process involved 572 records from database searches, resulting in 19 studies after eliminating duplicates and screening. These studies assessed the impact of omega-3 on various clinical outcomes, such as mortality, hospitalization, cardiac function, and quality of life. Studied duration varied from weeks to years. Omega-3 supplementation demonstrated potential benefits such as improved heart function, reduced inflammation, and decreased risk of cardiovascular events. Conclusion: Omega-3 supplementation could benefit heart disease treatment, potentially reducing therapy duration and improving outcomes. Starting omega-3 supplementation for HF patients seems favorable.

Backgrounds: Myasthenia Gravis (MG), a chronic neuromuscular junction disorder, emerged as one of the serious side effects of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. We aimed to summarize the findings of studies on the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination-associated MG. Methods: We performed a systematic search on 3 databases, Medline, Embase, and Scopus, using the query “COVID-19 vaccine” and “Myasthenia Gravis.” Patients’ data, including clinical data, MG subtype, vaccine type, and vaccine dose number, were extracted from the eligible studies. Results: A total of 20 COVID-19 vaccination-related MGs have been reported worldwide. The median (interquartile range) age was 64 (51, 75) years; 85% (17/20) of them were male, and 70% (14/20) of patients had received messenger RNA-based vaccines. The most common symptoms, in order of frequency, were binocular diplopia (8/11) and ptosis (4/11); the median (interquartile range) time from vaccine to MG symptoms was 6 (2, 7.5) days. Repetitive nerve stimulation showed abnormal decrement in 85% (11/13) of patients, and all 4 patients getting single-fiber electromyography showed an abnormal finding. Nine out of twelve patients with data on clinical outcomes experienced partial/complete improvement of symptoms within 1 month. Conclusion: MG cases after the COVID-19 vaccine are more likely to occur among males and adults older than 50 years. Our pooled cohort data suggest MG symptoms appear within 2 weeks after receiving the vaccine. The presenting symptoms in MG cases associated with COVID-19 vaccine are possibly similar to non-vaccination related MGs. Most patients are expected to experience partial/complete improvement within 1 month.

Introduction. Tricuspid valve (TV) disease is substantially less common than mitral or aortic valve disease, and it is commonly missed due to the tolerability of stenosis or regurgitation. Adults seldom have primary tricuspid valve regurgitation, which is linked to rheumatic heart disease, infectious endocarditis, myxomatous valve disease, congenital heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, and/or infiltrative valvopathy. Materials and Methods. The authors examined the Valve Surgery Data Bank retrospectively to identify all patients who underwent TV replacement without concomitant surgeries between 2004 and 2014. In addition, the exclusion criteria suggested that all instances involving solitary valve repair were eliminated. Through visits or phone interviews, long-term follow-up was collected through the end of June 2022 in order to gather information on postoperative occurrences among the patients. The average follow-up time was 10.7 + 2.1 (5–15) years. Results. The overall survival rate was 90.9%. Survival rate was not significantly different between bioprostheses and mechanical ones (log rank ). The incidence of endocarditis and valvar thrombosis in short-term was higher in the mechanical group than in the biological group, but the frequency of valve malfunction and redo surgery was higher in the replacement group. We found a higher incidence of valvular thrombosis, GI bleeding, and myocardial infarction rate in mechanical valve complications compared to the bioprosthetic group regarding late complications.

Background: Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm (LVPA) is a rare but life‐threatening complication of myocardial infarction (MI). We pooled clinical and imaging findings of post‐MI LVPA reported in case reports/series and compared them with findings in post‐MI left ventricular aneurysm (LVA). Method: We comprehensively searched the literature published since 1991 on online databases. Individual‐level patient data (IPD) and aggregated‐level data (AD) studies were combined through a two‐stage meta‐analysis method. Results: We identified 379 eligible articles on LVPA ( N = 504 patients). LVPA patients were predominantly male (70.4%) with a mean age of 65.4 years (95% CI: 62.4, 68.4). The time interval between the last MI and the diagnosis of LVPA varied from one day to 20 years; 54.5% fell into the acute/subacute category. On echocardiography, the most frequent locations of LVPA were posterior (34.5%) and inferior (21.2%). The average dimensions were 5.7 and 7.3 cm. On MRI, late gadolinium enhancement, primarily pericardial, was observed in 84% of patients. Arrhythmia was more frequently observed in LVA than LVPA (33.8% vs. 1%). Echocardiography showed a lower diagnostic value in LVPA than LVA (sensitivity: 81.4% vs. 97.5%). A higher percentage of LVPA than the LVA group died during hospitalization (13.8% vs. 4.7%) or after discharge (17.5% vs. 9.0%). Conclusion: LVPA is probably located on the posterior and inferior segments in most patients, contrary to LVA, which mainly involves the anterior and apical segments. Arrhythmia is likely a common clinical finding in LVA but not LVPA. Echocardiography may not always detect LVPA in 20% of patients.