Nanoparticles (NPs) represent a potential optoelectronic source capable of significantly boosting hydrogen production; however, their inevitable cytotoxicity may lead to oxidative damage of bacterial cell membranes. In this study, we employed non-photosynthetic Escherichia coli K-12 as a model organism and utilized self-assembled cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles to construct a low-toxicity and hydrogen-production-enhancing self-photosensitive hybrid system. To mitigate the cytotoxicity of CdS NPs and synthesize biocompatible CdS NPs on the cell surface, we employed engineered E. coli (efeB/OE) for bioremediation, achieving this goal through the overexpression of the peroxidase enzyme (EfeB). A comparative analysis with E. coli–CdS revealed a significant downregulation of genes encoding oxidative stress proteins in efeB/OE–CdS post-irradiation. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed the stability of bacterial cell membranes. Due to the enhanced stability of the cell membrane, the hydrogen yield of the efeB/OE–CdS system increased by 1.3 times compared to the control, accompanied by a 49.1% reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) content. This study proposes an effective strategy to alleviate the toxicity of mixed biological nanoparticle systems and efficiently harness optoelectronic electrons, thereby achieving higher hydrogen production in bioremediation.

This study investigated the aerobic biodecolorization of azo dyes by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. S. oneidensis MR-1 can rapidly degrade azo dyes under aerobic conditions, even at high concentrations of up to 270 mg/L, demonstrating remarkable dye decolorization capabilities. This decolorization efficiency persists even under high concentrations of oxygen. The introduction of different environmental metal ions led to either inhibitory or stimulatory effects on the decolorization of Methyl Orange and Amaranth. Furthermore, the addition of extracellular electron shuttles and electron scavengers confirmed that dyes were being reduced via electron transfer, and the decolorization capability of S. oneidensis MR-1 correlated with electron density. Our study unveils the rapid degradation ability of S. oneidensis MR-1 for dyes under aerobic conditions, which is closely linked to its electron transfer capacity. This research holds significant implications for a deeper understanding of the biodegradation mechanisms of azo dyes under aerobic conditions.

The objective of this investigation was to enhance the sensory appeal of Cerasus humilis (C. humilis) juice and ascertain potential interactions among bioactive compounds within a functional juice matrix. Sensory attributes, color, antioxidant potential, polyphenol and vitamin C (VC) concentrations, and sugar levels were assessed. Diverse dosage combinations were examined to determine their impact on the quality of both C. humilis and Green grape juices. Among the formulations, CG5 exhibited elevated antioxidant activit y and polyphenol content (455.02 mg TE/100 ml and 173.1 mg/100 ml, respectively), coupled with favorable consumer preference. Notable variations in compound content were observed across the seven analyzed juices. In the blended juices (CG1–CG5), interactions between distinct juices influenced VC and sugar levels, with other bioactives contributing to beneficial modifications, displaying a progressive rise. This study innovatively crafted delectable and convenient C. humilis juice, upholding its intrinsic high antioxidant activity, thereby presenting a novel avenue for marketable functional juice offerings.

Soybean (Glycine max) is a globally important source of protein and oil, and its capacity for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) underpins its strategic role in sustainable agriculture. However, BNF efficiency is highly sensitive to abiotic stresses, and conventional agronomic interventions struggle to simultaneously optimize nodulation, nitrogenase activity, and stress resilience. Agricultural nanotechnology offers a unique avenue to address this bottleneck by modulating the tripartite nanomaterial–rhizobium–soybean interaction at multiple scales. This review systematically examines (1) nanomaterial design strategies tailored to the rhizosphere and nodule microenvironments; (2) the ‘Rhizosphere–Nodule–System’ (RNS) cascade model, which integrates rhizosphere interfacial events, nodule metabolic reprogramming, and systemic stress signaling; and (3) field-level efficacy, genotype-dependent responses, and barriers to scalable application. By elucidating the mechanistic logic by which nanotechnology coordinates BNF enhancement with abiotic stress tolerance, this framework provides theoretical support for the targeted deployment of nano-agricultural technologies in soybean production systems.