The e-commerce sector has grown beyond predictions with the help of the most recent technological developments, changes in consumer preferences, and the COVID-19 pandemic. E-commerce activities assume a subsidiary role of brick-and-mortar shops with the benefits it offers to all parties, which have also resulted in new problems such as privacy, security, transparency, and costs, unlike traditional businesses. Blockchain technology is among the promising technologies in solving the problems of the e-commerce sector with its decentralized structure that does not require third-party intermediaries, and its features (such as privacy, immutability, security, transparency, and auditability). In this study—which examines, under five titles, the benefits that blockchain can offer to e-commerce—it is concluded that blockchain can reshape e-commerce activities by enabling integrated e-commerce systems that include all parties and offering low transaction costs, high transaction speed, traceability of transactions, strong security standards, and low risks. In this direction, blockchain-based e-commerce platforms can push existing e-commerce platforms into the background.

The objective of this study was to examine the competitiveness of Türkiye in peach and nectarine exports through the use of normalized revealed comparative advantage (NRCA) indexes, encompassing cross-product group, cross-country, and cross-period comparisons. For this purpose, calculations were made based on HS-6 coded peach and nectarine, apricot, cherry, sour cherry and plum foreign trade data of Türkiye, Spain, the USA, Chile, Italy and Greece for 2001-2023. The study indicates that Türkiye's comparative advantage in peaches and nectarines increased significantly after 2016. The cross-product group comparison indicates that Türkiye has a competitive advantage in peaches and nectarines relative to other stone fruit exports, including apricots, cherries, and plums. However, especially in recent years, Türkiye has been at a comparative disadvantage in peach and nectarine exports relative to cherries. Regarding cross-country comparison, Türkiye has a comparative advantage over other major peach and nectarine exporters (Italy, Chile, USA and Greece). On the other hand, Türkiye has a comparative disadvantage compared to Spain, the world's largest exporter of peaches and nectarines. In terms of periodic comparison results, Türkiye has increased its competitiveness during the analysis period compared to previous years. To maintain and stabilize competitiveness, more exports are needed to different markets, particularly Canada, Mexico, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Germany and Saudi Arabia.

: Foreign direct investments (FDIs) are of significant importance not only for multinational corporations (MNCs) but also for the development of the countries receiving these investments. Many countries, especially developing countries, are making efforts to attract more FDIs. This study focuses on BRICS-T (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, and Türkiye) countries, which play an important role in the global development landscape. The primary objective of this study is to assess the FDI attractiveness of BRICS-T countries for the period 2019-2023 through the application of multi-criteria decision-making methods (MCDM). In this study, CRITIC, LOPCOW and common weighting methods were used for criteria weighting. The study revealed that the corruption perception index (CPI), economic freedom index (EFI) and inflation rate were important in the criterion weights, while electricity production and gross domestic product (GDP) had low weights. Furthermore, an examination of the integrated performance results of all criteria weighting methods and the ARAS method reveals that China, India, and Türkiye stand out among the BRICS-T countries in terms of FDI attractiveness. Conversely, Brazil, Russia, and South Africa are identified as countries with the lowest FDI attractiveness. In general, Türkiye's FDI attractiveness has increased over the years, while Russia's FDI attractiveness has decreased.

Su ürünleri sektörü; tüketim açısından nüfusun artışının devam etmesi, ülkelerin gelir düzeylerinde görülen artışlar, sağlıklı beslenmeye yönelik artan eğilim, üretim bakımından ise su ürünlerinde depolama ve ulaşım olanaklarının gelişmesi ile ülke ekonomileri açısından önemli bir sektör haline gelmiştir. Türkiye’nin su ürünleri ihracatı başta olmak üzere dış ticaretinde son yıllarda önemli bir büyüme yaşanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin dış ticaret yaptığı ülkeler ile su ürünleri sektörü endüstri-içi ticaretinin analiz edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda TÜİK’ten 2010-2022 dönemi için su ürünleri 4 ve 6 haneli HS (Harmonize Sistem) kodlu ürün grupları dış ticaret verileri, Grubel-Lloyd endeksi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulgularına göre, Türkiye’nin su ürünleri dış ticaretinde EİT düzeyinin düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla su ürünleri dış ticaretinde, ihracatın ithalattan fazla olduğu dikkate alındığında, ihracat yönlü endüstriler-arası şekli öne çıkmaktadır. Aynı zamanda ham su ürünleri ve işlenmiş su ürünlerinde de EİT’in düşük olduğu gözlenmiştir. Bu bakımdan ham su ürünlerinde ihracat yönlü, işlenmiş su ürünlerinde ise ithalat yönlü endüstriler-arası ticaret şeklinde dış ticaret yapısının olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Sadece ham su ürünleri içinde yer alan kabuklu hayvanlar ve yumuşakçalar ürün gruplarında EİT düzeyinin yüksek olduğu görülmüştür.

Türkiye is the global leader in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production and ranks second in exports. While sea bass is Türkiye's most exported fish, it is crucial to enhance this export to provide greater economic value and ensure the sustainability of production and exports. Therefore, exploring alternative markets is essential. This study aims to evaluate, compare, and classify alternative markets with the potential to boost Türkiye's sea bass exports. For this purpose, a relatively new multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method, the Classification Approach of Potential Market Alternatives (CAPMA) technique, was used in the study. The study encompassed a comprehensive analysis of 30 alternative markets, evaluated against five criteria, and categorized into four groups based on their capacity to enhance export volumes. The analysis identified nine countries (Sweden, France, Poland, Hong Kong, Japan, China, Thailand, the United States (US), and Malaysia) with the highest potential to increase Turkish sea bass exports. Six countries (Germany, Denmark, Finland, Singapore, Brazil and Canada) were identified as other countries where export potential is important to ensure country diversification, which is important for Türkiye's sustainable sea bass production and exports.

The rapid expansion of plastic waste trade has intensified environmental pressures, accelerating ecosystem degradation and climate change. We examine the long-term impacts of plastic waste imports and domestic waste production on ecological footprints and greenhouse gas emissions across 20 countries representing 70% of global plastic waste trade and 45% of world GDP. Under the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework, we explore nonlinear interactions among economic growth, urbanization, and sustainability goals. Using a panel simultaneous equations approach, we apply Pedroni, Kao, and Westerlund cointegration tests and Fully Modified and Dynamic OLS estimators to address endogeneity and heterogeneity. Robustness checks include alternative environmental indicators and the Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel causality test. Results demonstrate a stable long-run equilibrium: plastic waste imports substantially increase ecological footprints and emissions, while progress on sustainable development goals mitigates some damage. The negative GDP squared coefficient supports the EKC hypothesis, indicating that environmental impacts rise initially with growth but decline once income exceeds a threshold. These findings highlight the need for stronger international regulations, enhanced waste management infrastructures, and circular economy strategies. Focused investment in sustainable technologies and global cooperation is essential to lower environmental costs of plastic waste trade.