Exosomes are small vesicles with a diameter of 30150nm secreted by cells, which are rich in mRNA, microRNA, and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA). The biological functions of most exosomal lncRNAs are not well understood. Studies have shown that tumor exosome FGD5-AS1 plays an important role in the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells. In this study, SW1736 and KAT18 TC cells with high expression of FGD5-AS1 were screened. Exosomes with high expression of FGD5-AS1 were collected. The collected exosomes were then added to HUVEC cells. After incubation for 24h, the effects on the proliferation and migration of HUVEC cells and vascular permeability were detected. The results showed that TC cells SW1736 and KAT18 could secrete a large number of exosomes, which could be taken up by HUVEC cells. Overexpression of FGD5-AS1 enhanced proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and permeability of HUVEC. This effect is achieved through activation of the miR-6838-5p/VAV2 axis. These results suggest that FGD5-AS1 in tumor-derived exoskeleton promotes angiogenesis, vascular permeability, and metastasis by regulating the endothelial miR-6838-5p/VAV2 axis and ultimately promotes the occurrence and development of TC.

Most patients suffering from gynecomastia require treatment to maintain a smooth subcutaneous tissue contour, remove loose skin, and leave a suitable nipple-areolar complex with minimal scarring; hence, surgery has become the prime choice to treat gynecomastia. Based on our experience, Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method works well for these patients. From November 2021 to November 2022, a total of 101 gynecomastia patients featuring various Simon grades were included in this study. The patients' basic condition and surgical procedure were recorded in detail. A score of 1 to 5 was given for 6 main aesthetic aspects. With Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method, the operations were successfully completed in all 101 patients. Six patients had Simon grade I, 21 grade IIA, 56 grade IIB, and 18 grade III. The average surgery time was 86.54 (range = 46-144) minutes. The average intraoperative blood loss was 22.7 (range = 10 ∼ 75) mL. The average postoperative drainage time was 2.35 (range = 1-4) days, the drainage volume was 83.35 (range = 13∼240) mL, and the drainage mainly occurred on the first postoperative day. The scores on all 6 aesthetic aspects were >4 points, which fully affirmed the aesthetic effect of this method. Liu and Shang's 2-hole 7-step method is safe and feasible for treating gynecomastia and has been fully affirmed for its efficacy and cosmetic effect. It can be the main option for minimally invasive surgery to treat gynecomastia.

Background: The advancement of early detection and treatment has brought about a significant concern for male breast cancer (MBC) survivors—the emergence of a second primary malignancy (SPM) poses a grave threat to their lives. Among them, second primary prostate cancer (spPCa) holds particular significance. This study aimed to investigate the impact of spPCa on the prognosis of MBC patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to investigate individuals diagnosed with MBC who also experienced an SPM between 2000 and 2020. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to balance the baseline characteristics of individuals with spPCa and those with second primary non-prostate cancer (non-PCa). The impact of spPCa on participant survival was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Furthermore, two nomograms were developed, based on univariate and multifactor Cox regression analyses, to predict overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS). The capacity of the nomograms was evaluated using the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Additionally, a risk stratification system was devised, taking into account the cumulative score of each patient in the nomogram. Results: This study enrolled a total of 885 MBC patients who experienced an SPM, of which 265 (29.9%) were diagnosed with spPCa. Through PSM, 257 pairs of eligible participants were selected. Survival analysis revealed that patients with prostate cancer (PCa) as an SPM have longer OS and CSS compared to those with other types of cancer as an SPM. The participants were randomly divided into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 7:3. The Cox proportional hazards model was utilized to assess the risk factors associated with survival outcomes. Two nomograms were developed to forecast the 3-, 5-, 8-, and 10-year OS and CSS of male patients who had breast cancer and SPM. The two nomograms exhibited excellent performance in terms of the C-index, ROC curves, calibration plots, and DCA curves, demonstrating their exceptional clinical discriminative ability and predictive utility. In the risk stratification system predicated on the total score of the nomogram, patients deemed high-risk exhibited diminished OS and CSS. Additionally, we created user-friendly web applications to enhance the accessibility of the nomogram in clinical practices, which can be accessed at https://mbcpre.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp_OS/ for OS and https://mbcpre.shinyapps.io/DynNomapp_CSS/ for CSS. Conclusions: MBC patients with spPCa exhibit a more favorable prognosis than those with other SPMs. The two nomograms we constructed could accurately forecast the OS and CSS for MBC patients with spPCa. Patients whose nomograms are stratified as high-risk should gain additional attention. Our nomograms may aid clinicians in personalizing treatment strategies and supporting clinical decisions.