Enterprise digital transformation involves leveraging digital technologies to optimize and improve business operations. Not only does it augment operational efficiency, but it also establishes favorable conditions for bolstering ESG. To investigate the impact of digital transformation on ESG performance, this study employs a fixed effects model. The analysis utilizes data from a sample of 1422 publicly listed companies in China, spanning the period of 2012 to 2021. This paper further explores the mechanism and heterogeneity behind this impact. The research findings indicate that digital transformation has a positive impact on the ESG performance of companies. It remains robust even after conducting robustness tests, which include omitted variable and endogeneity tests. Furthermore, the study identifies variations in the influence of digital transformation on different dimensions of ESG performance. Through a mechanism analysis, it is revealed that digital transformation positively affects ESG performance by optimizing the structure of human capital, enhancing operational efficiency, and promoting green innovation. Additionally, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of digital transformation on ESG performance is particularly significant in capital-intensive industries, high-tech companies, and companies with low carbon emissions.

Digitalization optimizes production processes by promoting information sharing and collaborative operations, thereby enhancing resource allocation efficiency and significantly improving production efficiency. Based on a review of the literature on enterprise digital transformation and regional GTFP, this study employed a panel data model to analyze the impact of enterprise digitalization on regional GTFP from a microeconomic perspective. After conducting robustness and endogeneity tests, we further examined the mechanisms through which enterprise digitalization influences regional GTFP and explored the heterogeneity of these effects. Using panel data from China’s provinces from 2007 to 2022, we arrived at the following conclusions: (1) Despite the tendency for enterprises to make contingent decisions in the digitalization process, enterprise digitalization fundamentally has a significant positive impact on GTFP, as confirmed by robustness and endogeneity tests. (2) The impact of enterprise digitalization on GTFP operates through a moderating effect, where green patents, environmental regulations, and an advanced industrial structure positively reinforce this effect. (3) The effect of enterprise digitalization on GTFP exhibits heterogeneity, with the most pronounced impact being in western China followed by the eastern region, while the effect in the central region is not statistically significant.