Connectivity, digitization, and emerging Industry 4.0 technology such as AI, automation, robotics, IoT, and cyber-physical space have transformed social relations, the means of production, and the world of labor. The construction industry has also been transformed by Industry 4.0 technologies, mainly through Building Information Modeling (BIM)-based digitization. This revolution in the construction industry has been called Construction 4.0 and is based on the use of innovative technologies that promote digitalization and automation of design, construction, and management processes. Furthermore, the workforce for the construction industry in the context of Construction 4.0 must have adequate skills for this new scenario. Previous literature reviews have analyzed the idea of transitioning the construction industry to Construction 4.0 and implementing specific technologies in the industry. However, there has been limited exploration of the skills necessary for the Construction 4.0 workforce. This article aims to address this gap by identifying the technologies and skills that have been scientifically researched and applied in the construction industry, specifically related to the concepts of Industry 4.0 and Construction 4.0. Utilizing a scoping literature review in the Scopus database, this study seeks to identify: (i) emergent C4.0 technologies in the AEC industry; and (ii) which skills or competencies are demanded when using these technologies. All of our bibliographical searches are inserted and restricted to the concept of Construction 4.0. A total of 108 articles related to technologies and 15 related to skills in the Construction 4.0 context were selected for analysis. Twenty-one technologies were identified and grouped into five sets according to their similarities and applications: AI-assisted technologies, Advanced manufacture, Smart tools, Digital simulation/Visualization, and Data acquisition/detection. The skills were identified and grouped into soft and hard skills. However, the findings point out that the new skills needed by the workforce are described in a dispersed way, without a central theme of research in the context of Construction 4.0. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the transformations towards Construction 4.0 and provide data for industry and universities to respond appropriately to the new demands of the construction industry.

Lateral distortional buckling (LDB) is an instability phenomenon characteristic of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCB) that occurs in the presence of hogging moments in regions close to internal supports. The LDB behavior in SCCB is not yet fully understood. The procedures for determining the LDB strength are based on the classic lateral torsional buckling theory or on the inverted U-frame model. In addition, the standard procedures make use of the classic design curves of the SSRC (Structural Stability Research Council) and ECCS (European Convention for Constructional Steelwork) developed to analyze the stability behavior of steel elements. However, studies indicate that the use of the same empirical curves obtained for the analysis of steel elements leads to the conservative results of the LDB strength in SCCB. Therefore, this article aims to assess the LDB strength in SCCB through the development of post-buckling numerical analysis using the ABAQUS software. In the parametric study, four types of steel with different mechanical properties were analyzed. In addition, the I-section, the unrestrained length, and the reinforcement rate in the concrete slab were varied. The results showed the influence of the steel type on the LDB strength and deviations from the standard procedures. A small influence of the longitudinal reinforcement area variation was verified in the LDB strength in the FE analyses; however, this factor is significantly important in the standard procedures, causing considerable divergences. These results can provide a reference for future research and specification reviews.

Vigas mistas de aço-concreto submetidas à ação de momento fletor negativo estão sujeitas ao fenômeno de estabilidade lateral, denominado de Flambagem Lateral com Distorção (FLD). A correta determinação do momento crítico elástico, responsável por esse fenômeno de estabilidade, é fundamental para a determinação do momento resistente à FLD de vigas mistas de aço concreto. Por meio do desenvolvimento de análises de estabilidade elástica com o software GBTul, determinou-se o momento crítico elástico para a situação de distribuição uniforme e linear de momento fletor negativo. O estudo paramétrico analisou diferentes seções transversais do perfil I, o vão entre apoios e a variação da taxa de armadura longitudinal da laje de concreto, no total foram analisados 576 modelos. Os resultados foram comparados com os procedimentos de Roik et al. (1990) e Hanswille et al. (1998) e foi verificado situação conservadora de ambos os procedimentos com divergências de 26,60% e 19,88%, respectivamente. Condição que pode levar a determinação equivocada da capacidade resistente à FLD, visto que o procedimento de Roik et al. (1990) é utilizado pela norma brasileira, ABNT NBR 8800 (2008). Portanto, conclui-se que existe a necessidade de maiores estudos no tema para adequar os procedimentos da norma brasileira.

As pontes e viadutos mistos de aço e concreto, sobretudo na configuração em seção caixão, apresentam uma série de vantagens. Entretanto, há uma grande discrepância nas recomendações normativas quanto à verificação dos estados limites de serviço. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho sintetiza e discute as recomendações para as deflexões limites estabelecidas pelas principais normalizações e existentes na literatura, e avalia a influência dos estados limites último e de serviço para o dimensionamento de pontes em seção caixão. Para tanto, foram avaliadas 11 pontes nas quais investigou-se a influência dos estados limites últimos e de serviço em seu dimensionamento. Averiguou-se que o carregamento que ocasiona a plastificação da seção mista produz deflexões consideravelmente superiores às estabelecidas pelas normas. Embora o limite de deflexão recomendado pelas normalizações não considere o efeito das vibrações na estrutura, verifica-se que os limites recomendados são muito severos e, portanto, faz-se necessário estudos adicionais a fim de que os critérios existentes sejam reavaliados e, caso necessário, outros sejam propostos.