Aim Neonatal sepsis is a clinical syndrome of illness accompanied by bacteremia that develops in the first month of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and quality of YouTubeTM (www.youtube.com) videos pertaining neonatal sepsis. Methods The first 100 videos on YouTubeTM pertaining to neonatal sepsis were included in the analysis. Features like videos’ image type, content and qualification of video creators were recorded. In addition, videos’ length, upload date, time since upload, comment and like counts were also recorded. Quality of the videos was measured by the researchers using the Global Quality Scale (GQS) and reliability of the videos was evaluated through the DISCERN (Quality Criteria for Consumer Health Information on Treatment Choices) tool. Results The total length of the examined 100 videos was 35.84 hours and the total view count was 1,173,247. The most common video content was general information about neonatal sepsis, education and diagnosis. When qualification of the video creators was examined, the most common creators were physicians followed by other persons and health channels. The videos were divided into two groups according to the creators. Accordingly, 40 (40%) videos were uploaded by professionals and 60 by non-professionals. There was a statistically significant difference between physicians and non-physicians in terms of the mean DISCERN and GQS scores (both, p<0.01). Conclusion Both DISCERN and GQS scores were statistically significantly higher in the videos provided by physicians. Physicians should be encouraged to upload accurate informative videos about neonatal sepsis and direct parents to accurate sources of treatment.

Purpose: To study the association between thrombocytopenia and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Methods: The case-control study was conducted on preterm newborns with ROP between January 2011 and January 2014, retrospectively. The patients were assigned into two groups: Cases required intervention and controls developed no or Stage I ROP. Results: Eighty-one premature infants with Type I ROP were enrolled to the study with a mean gestational age of 27.6 ± 2.1 (range: 24–32) weeks and birth weight of 993 ± 292 (range: 560–1,930) g. Mean follow-up time was 38.3 ± 2.7 weeks (min: 32 and max: 46 weeks). Cases were individually matched to a set of controls (1:1 ratio). Thrombocytopenia (<150.000/mm³) was seen in 58 (71.6%) of the cases with Type I ROP, whereas only 17 (21%) of the controls had thrombocytopenia (P < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that bronchopulmonary dysplasia and thrombocytopenia were significantly associated with Type I ROP (relative risk [95% confidence interval]: 4.19 [1.47–12] and 6.69 [2.83–15.9], respectively). The thrombocytopenia ratio (P = 0.073), thrombocytopenia 1 week before intervention (P = 0.076) and platelet transfusion ratio (P = 0.062) tended to be higher in Zone I ROP compared with Zone II ROP. Conclusion: In our study, there was a significant association between thrombocytopenia and Type I ROP.

Objective: This study examined systemic inflammatory indices and “Hemoglobin, Albumin, Lymphocyte, Platelet (HALP) scores” in neonates with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Methods: A total of 43 neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE at 36 weeks’ gestation were assessed. Systemic inflammatory markers were measured before HT commenced within 0–6 h after birth and between 60 and 72 h during and after therapy or before adjusting for hypothermia. Results: Platelet counts, hemoglobin levels, and platelet indices in the HIE group were significantly lower at both time points (p = 0.001). Both the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) decreased in the HIE group after hypothermia therapy (p = 0.001). Seizures, PVL, and kidney injuries were associated with higher HALP scores. The AUCs of NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, SIRI, and platelet, neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte Index (PIV) showed significant sensitivity and specified HIE, with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.654, 0.751, 0.766, 0.700, 0.722, and 0.749, respectively. Conclusions: A significant difference in systemic inflammatory markers was found between the HIE and control groups after hypothermia treatment, with significant reductions in the MLR and NLR. These markers, particularly MLR, were significant predictors of adverse clinical outcomes including seizures, PVL, and kidney damage.

Objectives and Aim: The primary aim of this study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the safety and efficacy of levetiracetam (LEV) and phenobarbital (PB) as first-line treatments for neonatal seizure management. This study was designed to measure and compare the incidence of adverse effects and to determine the discharge and mortality rates associated with the use of these antiseizure medications (ASMs). Through this comparison, this research sought to provide insights to optimise care for neonates experiencing seizures. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 104 neonates treated for seizures at Zeynep Kamil Hospital from 2015 to 2020 after excluding those on non-PB/LEV antiseizure medications. Seizures were characterised using electroencephalogram (EEG) and categorised according to aetiology and frequency. Treatment efficacy was gauged by seizure cessation, as confirmed using EEG. Adverse effects and demographic data were recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS, employing the Shapiro–Wilk, independent t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and chi-square test, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05. Results: Overall, 104 neonates treated with first-line ASM were evaluated for efficacy; PB was administered in 68.26% of the cases, while LEV was utilised in 31.74%. The total complete response rate was 40.38%, with no significant difference between the PB and LEV groups (p = 0.309). The incidence rate ratios (IRRs) demonstrated that seizure frequency profoundly influenced treatment effectiveness, with IRRs of 2.09 for rare seizures, 3.25 for frequent seizures, and 4.01 for status epilepticus, indicating a higher treatment response rate with increasing seizure frequency. For second-line treatment, among a subset of 62 patients, PB had a slight, non-significant advantage over LEV, with an odds ratio of 1.09, suggesting a marginally better response to LEV. Adverse events were significantly more frequent in the PB group, affecting 19 of 67 neonates (28.36%), compared to only 2 of 71 neonates (2.82%) in the LEV group (p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the discharge rates between the two groups (PB, 67.61%; LEV, 75.76%; p = 0.674). Interestingly, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the LEV group (45.45%) than that in the PB group (22.54%; p = 0.045). Conclusion: This study underscores LEV’s superior safety profile over PB in neonatal seizure management, evidenced by a significantly lower rate of adverse events. PB seems to be more effective in the second-line treatment of neonatal seizures. Despite the lack of significant differences in the discharge rates, the higher mortality rate associated with LEV warrants further investigation. These findings advocate the cautious selection of antiepileptic drugs in neonatal care, with a preference for LEV based on its safety profile.

Mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu tanım olarak mekonyum boyalı amniyotik sıvı ile doğan yenidoğanlarda başka bir nedenle bağlı olarak açıklanamayan solunum sıkıntısı sendromu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Daha çok term ve posttermlerin sorunudur ve oksidatif süreçten geçen yenidoğanlarda yenidoğan yoğun bakım gereksinimini arttırır. Mekonyum Aspirasyon sendromunda (MAS) akciğer hasarının mekanizması oldukça karmaşıktır. Mekonyumun havayollarını tıkaması, ventilasyon ve gaz değişiminde aksaklıklar, sürfaktanın inaktivasyonu, kimyasal pnömoni ve pulmoner hipertansiyon bu karmaşık mekanizma ile ilişkilidir. Bu yazıda mekonyum aspirasyon sendromu ile doğan bebeklerin tanı ve tedavisindeki yaklaşımlar son güncel bilgiler ışığında gözden geçirildi.