The global burden of cancer, with over 19 million new cases annually, underscores the urgent need for effective therapies. Among the most promising anticancer compounds is camptothecin (CPT), a monoterpene alkaloid predominantly derived from Nothapodytes species. Despite its significant pharmaceutical value, the exploitation of such Threatened Plant Species with Widespread Distribution (TPSWD), particularly driven by the global demand for natural compounds in anticancer therapies, presents a paradox in which their widespread distribution fails to ensure their secure conservation status. Furthermore, the lack of in-depth biogeographic and systematic studies complicates efforts to balance resource utilization with biodiversity preservation. The asymmetric distribution of CPT within plant taxa, along with limited knowledge of its biosynthetic pathways and the enzymes and genes involved, further hampers sustainable production. Here, we review the current knowledge on the production and protection of Nothapodytes, focusing on their plant resources, active ingredients, and natural drug derivatives. We also explore strategies for rescuing and sustainably utilizing Nothapodytes, including biotechnological advancements and integrated conservation practices. Finally, we propose future directions to address conservation challenges, ensuring a sustainable supply of CPT while safeguarding these TPSWD species.

To compare the benefits and drawbacks of traditional and automated conservation assessments, we used a field-based study and automated conservation assessments using GeoCAT, red and ConR to assess four species of Buddleja (Scrophulariaceae), a cosmopolitan genus of flowering plants. Buddleja colvilei, Buddleja sessilifolia, Buddleja delavayi and Buddleja yunnanensis are endemic to the Himalayan region. They have not yet been assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species but are facing elevated risks of extinction because of various anthropogenic and environmental pressures. Buddleja sessilifolia and B. delavayi are listed as Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations in Yunnan, China, where they are known to be threatened. Although automated assessments evaluated B. delavayi and B. yunnanensis as Endangered and B. sessilifolia and B. colvilei as Vulnerable, our field studies indicated a different categorization for three of the species: B. delavayi and B. yunnanensis as Critically Endangered and B. sessilifolia as Endangered. Our findings indicate that the accuracy and reliability of assessment methods can differ and that field surveys remain important for conservation assessments. We recommend an integrated approach addressing these limitations, to safeguard the future of other species endemic to the Himalayan region.