Six new sorbicillinoids, trichoreeseione A (1) and B (2), trichodermolide B (3), 13-hydroxy-trichodermolide (4), 24-hydroxy-trichodimerol (5), 15-hydroxy-bisvertinol (7), together with three known analogs, trichodimerol (6), 24-hydroxy-bisvertinol (8), and bisvertinol (9), were isolated from the sponge-derived fungus Trichoderma reesei (HN-2016-018). Their structures including absolute configurations were elucidated by analysis of NMR, MS data, and calculated ECD spectra. Compounds 1 and 2 with a characteristic naphthalene-trione ring were firstly reported in sorbicillinoid family. Compounds 3 and 4 were two rare sorbicillinoids containing a unique bicycle [3.2.1] lactone skeleton, while 3 with a propan-2-one moiety was also recorded first time in this family. Compound 5 displayed cytotoxic activity against A549, MCF-7, and HCT116 cell lines with the IC₅₀ values of 5.1, 9.5, and 13.7 μM, respectively.

With the emergence of drug resistance and the consequential high morbidity and mortality rates, there is an urgent need to screen and identify new agents for the effective treatment of cancer. Terphenyls—a group of aromatic hydrocarbons consisting of a linear 1,4-diaryl-substituted benzene core—has exhibited a wide range of biological activities. In this study, we discovered a terphenyllin derivative—CHNQD-00824—derived from the marine compound library as a potential anticancer agent. The cytotoxic activities of the CHNQD-00824 compound were evaluated against 13 different cell lines with IC₅₀ values from 0.16 to 7.64 μM. Further study showed that CHNQD-00824 inhibited the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, possibly by inducing DNA damage. Acridine orange staining demonstrated that CHNQD-00824 promoted apoptosis in zebrafish embryos. Notably, the anti-cancer effectiveness was verified in a doxycin hydrochloride (DOX)-induced liver-specific enlargement model in zebrafish. With Solafinib as a positive control, CHNQD-00824 markedly suppressed tumor growth at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μM, further highlighting its potential as an effective anticancer agent.

We present multibranched polyelectrolyte polymers that demonstrate improved hydrophilicity, and reduced charge transport resistance, leading to an enhanced HER rate of 55.81 mmol g ⁻¹ h ⁻¹ and a superior power conversion efficiency of 16.78%.

Penicillium brefeldianum is a filamentous fungus known for its ability to produce a wide range of bioactive secondary metabolites and industrially relevant enzymes.

Penicillium brefeldianum is a filamentous fungus capable of producing secondary metabolites that have significant applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and food production. To date, no review is present that encapsulates the secondary metabolites produced by P. brefeldianum. This review encompassed the literature from 1963 to 2024, utilizing esteemed databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct and PubMed, among various others, on 90 secondary metabolites of P. brefeldianum including alkaloids such as indole diketopiperazines and indole diterpenoids, as well as polyketides like macrolide lactones, macrolide lactams, pyrones, chromones, pteridines, cyclopentenones, orcinols, and statins. These compounds exhibit remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antimicrobial, antiviral, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activity, indicating their potential utility in both pharmaceutical and industrial applications. Furthermore, P. brefeldianum demonstrates significant biotechnological promise through the production of essential enzymes such as β-glucanases, xylanase, amylase, pectinase, sucrase, raffinase and melezitase, which are crucial for various industrial processes. This review emphasizes the importance of further research into the genetic basis and cultivation conditions of these organisms to enhance the production of valuable compounds and enzymes, thereby revealing the untapped potential of P. brefeldianum for diverse industrial applications