The perpendicular exchange bias field, , of the magnetoelectric heterostructure changes sign after field cooling to below the Néel temperature of in either parallel or antiparallel axial magnetic and electric freezing fields. The switching of is explained by magnetoelectrically induced antiferromagnetic single domains which extend to the interface, where the direction of their end spins controls the sign of . Novel applications in magnetoelectronic devices seem possible.
We report on the observation of the spin Seebeck effect in antiferromagnetic . A device scale on-chip heater is deposited on a bilayer of (110) (4 nm) grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a (110) substrate. Using Pt as a spin detector layer, it is possible to measure the thermally generated spin current from through the inverse spin Hall effect. The low temperature (2–80 K) and high magnetic field (up to 140 kOe) regime is explored. A clear spin-flop transition corresponding to the sudden rotation of antiferromagnetic spins out of the easy axis is observed in the spin Seebeck signal when large magnetic fields () are applied parallel to the easy axis of the thin film. When the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the easy axis, the spin-flop transition is absent, as expected.
Tilting toward two properties: Opposing electronic and symmetry constraints can make it difficult to combine some pairs of material properties in a single crystalline material. Magnetization and electrical polarization are such a pair, but their combination could be useful for applications such as magnetoelectric information storage. Pitcher et al. now show that careful design of chemical substitutions in a layered perovskite are both electrically polar and weakly ferromagnetic at temperatures up to 330 K. Science , this issue p. 420
Magnetoelectric switching of perpendicular exchange bias is observed in a multilayer attached to single crystalline magnetoelectric antiferromagnetic . The exchange bias field can be set to positive or negative values by applying an electric field either parallel or antiparallel to the magnetic freezing field while cooling to below the Néel temperature. Based on this result, the antiferromagnetic spin state can be used as a medium for data storage. The authors propose magnetic random access memory cells and magnetic logic devices, which are purely voltage controlled.
The coexistence of cluster glass with long-range antiferromagnetic order in the relaxor ferroelectric PbFe0.5Nb0.5O3 is elucidated. While the transition at TN=153\,\,K on the infinite antiferromagnetic cluster induces 3m symmetry with large EH2 magnetoelectric response, the disconnected subspace of isolated Fe3+ ions and finite clusters accommodates the cluster glass below Tg=10.6\,\,K with field-induced m$'${} symmetry and EH-type magnetoelectric response. Critical slowing-down, memory and rejuvenation after aging, occurrence of a de~Almeida\char21{}Thouless phase line, and stretched exponential relaxation of remanence corroborate the glass nature.
Room-temperature crystal structure, local ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of the polycrystalline samples have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, piezoresponse force microscopy, and magnetometry techniques. Performed measurements have revealed a sequence of the composition-driven structural phase transitions (occurs at ) and (takes place within the concentrational range of ). The latter structural transformation is attributed to the substitution-induced suppression of the polar displacements. Gd substitution has been shown to effectively induce the appearance of the spontaneous magnetization, thus indicating a promising way for improving multiferroic properties of antiferromagnetic .