Currently, it is a challenge to effectively assess the seismic performance of the high‐speed railway bridge line. To figure it out, this paper discussed the applicability of the Pushover analysis in the seismic fragility of the high‐speed railway bridge. As the piers are the core components to resist the earthquakes, a typical high‐speed railway bridge line consisting of 22 piers was established by the finite element software OpenSees. The influences of the different pier height and sites on the fragility analysis of the pies were investigated. From the component level, the seismic performance of the high‐speed railway bridge line was evaluated by the Pushover analysis. The results show that the seismic responses of the piers by the Pushover analysis are agreeable with those by the incremental dynamical analysis when the peak ground acceleration is less than 0.4g. The high piers have better seismic performance than the lower piers. The high‐speed railway bridge line exhibits good seismic performance under the 7‐degree design earthquake (0.15g) and the 8‐degree low‐level earthquake (0.10g) but may be severely damaged under the 9‐degree low‐level earthquake (0.40g).