Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) significantly increase the chance of successful pregnancy and live birth in infertile couples. The different procedures for ART, including in vitro fertilization (IVF), intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), intrauterine insemination (IUI), and gamete intrafallopian tube transfer (GIFT), are widely used to overcome infertility-related problems. In spite of its inarguable usefulness, concerns about the health consequences of ART-conceived babies have been raised. There are reports about the association of ART with birth defects and health complications, e.g., malignancies, high blood pressure, generalized vascular functional disorders, asthma and metabolic disorders in later life. It has been suggested that hormonal treatment of the mother, and the artificial environment during the manipulation of gametes and embryos may cause genomic and epigenetic alterations and subsequent complications in the health status of ART-conceived babies. In the current study, we aimed to review the possible long-term consequences of different ART procedures on the subsequent health status of ART-conceived offspring, considering the confounding factors that might account for/contribute to the long-term consequences.

Purpose: Although it has been frequently confirmed that HLA-G plays an important role in thereproduction and pregnancy, the pattern of HLA-G gene and its protein expression are rarelyaddressed in studies. Therefore we conducted this study in regard to evaluate the HLA-G geneand its protein expression in the women’s placenta with recurrent miscarriage.Methods: Placental samples were obtained from the women who were admitted for deliveryor abortion in Al Zahra and Taleghani hospitals, Tabriz, Iran. HLA-G gene expression wasdetermined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and HLA-G protein expression wasassessed by western blotting and immunofluorescence staining in the tissue samples.Results: The results showed a significant decrease in the expression of gene and proteins ofHLA-G in the women with recurrent miscarriage compared to the control placental tissues.Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it was concluded that the decrement of HLA-Ggene and protein expressions are associated with recurrent miscarriage. Since there areconflicting results from other studies, it is suggested to conduct a more comprehensive similarstudy with greater sample size.

With the increased utilization of assisted reproductive technology (ART), concerns about the potential health risks for ART-conceived babies have also been raised. Increased prevalences of allergic and metabolic diseases have been reported among ART offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of IVF on the tendency to develop allergic responses following ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization in IVF-conceived mice. Mice were divided into four groups (non-OVA naturally conceived, OVA naturally conceived, non-OVA IVF-conceived, and OVA IVF-conceived). In the OVA groups, the mice were subjected to intraperitoneal and intranasal immunization with OVA. Two days after the final immunization, blood samples were taken, and the serum levels of IgE and IL-4 were detected by ELISA. The mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, their spleens and lungs were removed, and their weights were measured and recorded. Sensitization with OVA resulted in significantly increased concentrations of IL-4 and total IgE, as well as increased lung and spleen weights, among offspring from both natural and IVF conception. The concentrations of IgE and IL-4 and the lung and spleen weights in IVF-conceived mice were significantly higher compared to those in naturally conceived mice before and after sensitization with OVA. It is concluded that compared to naturally conceived mice, IVF-conceived mice exhibit a greater tendency to develop allergic responses against OVA.

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women worldwide, and therapeutic resistance represents a major clinical challenge. Mitochondria are key regulators of cancer metabolism, redox homeostasis, and apoptosis, making them potential therapeutic targets. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combined Akt and PARP inhibition on mitochondrial metabolic function, energy production, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Methodology: The SRB assay was used to compare the viability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 cells. A colony formation assay was conducted to assess the capacity of individual cells to develop colonies, and ROS production was quantified using DHR123. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to evaluate cell death, and the Seahorse Mito stress test was used to measure ATP production and essential mitochondrial parameters. Results: The combination of Akt and PARP inhibitors impaired oxidative phosphorylation without inducing a compensatory shift to glycolysis, leading to reduced ATP production, increased ROS generation, and apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells compared to monotherapy. Conclusions and Recommendations: These findings indicate that the combination of olaparib and capivasterib is a promising therapeutic strategy for breast cancer. Furthermore, evaluation of in vivo toxicity and antitumor effectiveness is essential to validate its potential.