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Wu Dai
Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management, Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China

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Journal article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Insects
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Xestocephalus Van Duzee is among the most common and widespread genera of Cicadellidae in the temperate and tropical regions of the world. In the present study, 205 specimens of the genus Xestocephalus were collected in Thailand, whereas only a single species of the genus was recorded previously using Malaise trap field sampling, studied by comparative morphology. Seventeen species were recognized, including twelve new species: X. binarius sp. nov., X. chrysanthemum sp. nov., X. cowboyocreus sp. nov., X. densprint sp. nov., X. dimiprocessus sp. nov., X. exproiecturus sp. nov., X. gracilus sp. nov., X. limpidissimus sp. nov., X. malleus sp. nov., X. nonattribus sp. nov., X. recipinams sp. nov., and X. tenusis Liang sp. nov. Four species were recorded in Thailand for the first time: Xestocephalus abyssinicus Heller and Linnavuori, Xestocephalus asper Linnavuori, Xestocephalus ishidae Matsumura, and Xestocephalus toroensis Matsumura. Detailed morphological descriptions of all 17 species are given; photographs of external habitus and male genitalia of the species from Thailand are provided. A checklist of species of the genus is also given, and a key to all Thailand Xestocephalus species is also provided.

ACS Style

Zonglei Liang; Christopher Dietrich; Wu Dai. Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand. Insects 2021, 12, 514 .

AMA Style

Zonglei Liang, Christopher Dietrich, Wu Dai. Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand. Insects. 2021; 12 (6):514.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zonglei Liang; Christopher Dietrich; Wu Dai. 2021. "Remarkable Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Xestocephalus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Aphrodinae) in Thailand." Insects 12, no. 6: 514.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2021 in Insects
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The genus Batracomorphus Lewis is the third largest leafhopper genus in the world, with its greatest diversity in the Oriental region. Here, nine species of Batracomorphus, including one new species, are recorded from Shaanxi Province, China, for the first time: B. allionii (Turton), B. clavatus Cai and Shen, B. fletcheri Hu and Dai sp. nov., B. geminatus (Li and Wang), B. juno Knight, B. lateprocessus Li and Wang, B. lunatus Cai and He, B. subfuscus (Li and Wang) and B. pandarus Knight. Among them, B. juno Knight is recorded from China for the first time. One new synonym is revealed: B.nigromarginattus Cai and Shen, 1999 is a junior synonym of B. subfuscus (Li and Wang, 1993). All taxa are described, and photographs of male genitalia are given based on observations of specimens from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi of China. A key to the species found in Qinling Mountain of Shaanxi is also provided.

ACS Style

Yulin Hu; Lili Gao; Zihan Han; Wu Dai. Species Diversity in the Leafhopper Genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi. Insects 2021, 12, 494 .

AMA Style

Yulin Hu, Lili Gao, Zihan Han, Wu Dai. Species Diversity in the Leafhopper Genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi. Insects. 2021; 12 (6):494.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yulin Hu; Lili Gao; Zihan Han; Wu Dai. 2021. "Species Diversity in the Leafhopper Genus Batracomorphus Lewis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) from Qinling Mountain in Shaanxi." Insects 12, no. 6: 494.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2021 in Genomics
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Mitogenomes of five leafhopper species, Chudania hellerina and Concaveplana rufolineata in Nirvanini, Carinata rufipenna, Evacanthus danmainus and E. heimianus representing Evacanthini, were sequenced. The lengths of these five mitogenomes range from 15,044 (C. hellerina) to 15,680 bp (E. heimianus). All five mitogenomes exhibit similar base composition, gene size and codon usage of protein-coding genes. All 22 tRNA genes have typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnS1 (AGN) which appears to lack the dihydrouridine arm. The two included Nirvanini species employ the anticodon TCT instead of the commonly used GCT in trnS1 (AGN). Genes nad2, atp8 and nad6 were highly variable while cox1 and cob showed the lowest nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analyses of two concatenated nucleotide datasets, incorporating the newly sequenced taxa and other available membracoid mitogenomes, recovered each included leafhopper subfamily as monophyletic with evacanthine tribes Nirvanini and Evacanthini forming monophyletic sister clades. A relationship among Evacanthinae, Cicadellinae and Typhlocybinae received moderate branch support.

ACS Style

Yimin Du; Zonglei Liang; Christopher H. Dietrich; Wu Dai. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Nirvanini and Evacanthini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) reveals an explicit evolutionary relationship. Genomics 2021, 113, 1378 -1385.

AMA Style

Yimin Du, Zonglei Liang, Christopher H. Dietrich, Wu Dai. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Nirvanini and Evacanthini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) reveals an explicit evolutionary relationship. Genomics. 2021; 113 (3):1378-1385.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yimin Du; Zonglei Liang; Christopher H. Dietrich; Wu Dai. 2021. "Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genomes of Nirvanini and Evacanthini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) reveals an explicit evolutionary relationship." Genomics 113, no. 3: 1378-1385.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2020 in Insects
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Mouthpart structures were observed in three species of Asopinae using scanning electron microscopy to investigate their morphological disparity. The examined species attack mainly slow-moving, soft-bodied insects, primarily larval forms of the Lepidoptera, and are the natural enemies of many pests. This is the first detailed description of their external mouthparts. The triangular and elongated labrum and four-segmented tube-like labium are longer in Picromerus species (Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758) and Picromerus lewisi Scott, 1874 than in Cazira bhoutanica Schouteden, 1907. The labrum of P. lewisi and C. bhoutanica appear to be equipped with olfactory sensilla basiconica Sb3, a special type of sensilla with nanopores. The labium surface in all studied species bears 14 types of sensilla (St1–St4, Sb1–7, Sst, Sca1–2). A new characteristic of sensilla trichodea is represented in sensillum St1; in both Picromerus species, it is classified as an olfactory sensillum with nanopores. The tripartite apex of the labium consists of two lateral lobes and a central membranous lobe having microtrichial extensions. Each lobe has one sensory field, including sensilla basiconica (Sb7), sensilla styloconica (Sst), and sensilla trichodea (St4). In the three studied predatory stink bugs, each mandibular stylet tip has five irregular teeth and three long, pointed hooks. The two opposing maxillae, which are held together by a tongue-and-groove system, form a food canal and a salivary canal. The apices of the right maxilla have small teeth and few short barbs along the edge of the food canal. In P. bidens and P. lewisi, there are 5 teeth, while in C. bhoutanica there are 2. Based on structural differences, we inferred that the hook-shaped mandibular teeth, right maxilla with small teeth, and few short barbs along edge of the food canal are more adapted for a predatory lifestyle. Predatory stink bugs use sharp recurved hooks and irregular teeth penetrating, tearing, or filing devices that aid in the mechanical disruption of host tissue. Stiff bristles in the food canal may indicate their possible adaptation to feeding on insect larvae. The evolution of mouthpart morphology and the putative functional significance of sensilla are discussed, providing insight into the sensory mechanism.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. Comparative Morphology of the Mouthparts in Three Predatory Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Asopinae) Reveals Feeding Specialization of Stylets and Sensilla. Insects 2020, 11, 762 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Jolanta Brożek, Wu Dai. Comparative Morphology of the Mouthparts in Three Predatory Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Asopinae) Reveals Feeding Specialization of Stylets and Sensilla. Insects. 2020; 11 (11):762.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. 2020. "Comparative Morphology of the Mouthparts in Three Predatory Stink Bugs (Heteroptera: Asopinae) Reveals Feeding Specialization of Stylets and Sensilla." Insects 11, no. 11: 762.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Insects
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The yellow marmorated stink bug, Erthesina fullo (Thunberg, 1783), is a major pest of certain tree fruits in Northeast Asia. To better understand the feeding mechanism of E. fullo, the fine structure of the mouthparts, including the distribution and abundance of sensilla, are examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and their functions are observed directly under laboratory conditions. The feeding performance is described in detail and illustrated for the first time. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host plant epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. Proceeding from labium towards the mandibular stylets, the movement pattern becomes increasingly stereotypical, including the sensilla on the tip of the labium probing, the labium making an elbow-like bend between the first and second segment, the base of the stylet fascicle housing in the groove of the labrum, the mandibular stylets penetrating the site and maxillary stylets feeding. In terms of morphology, the mouthparts are similar to those of other Heteroptera, consisting of a triangular pyramidal labrum, a tube-like and segmented labium with a deep groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. The four-segmented labium has five types of sensilla basiconica, three types of sensilla trichodea, two types of sensilla campaniformia and 1 type of sensilla coeloconica. Among them, sensilla trichodea one and sensilla basiconica one are most abundant. The tripartite apex of the labium is covered with abundant sensilla trichodea three and a few sensilla basiconica 5. The mandibular stylet tips have two nodules preapically on the dorsal margin of the convex external surface, which may help in penetrating plant tissue and anchoring the mouthparts. The externally smooth maxillary stylets interlock to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the phytophagous feeding habit in this species. Similarities and differences between the mouthparts of E. fullo and those of other Heteroptera are discussed.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Wu Dai. How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo? Insects 2020, 11, 503 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Wu Dai. How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo? Insects. 2020; 11 (8):503.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Wu Dai. 2020. "How Does the Intricate Mouthpart Apparatus Coordinate for Feeding in the Hemimetabolous Insect Pest Erthesina fullo?" Insects 11, no. 8: 503.

Journal article
Published: 22 June 2020 in Insects
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Millipede assassin bugs are a diverse group of specialized millipede predators. However, the feeding behavior of Ectrichodiinae remains poorly known, especially how the mouthpart structures relate to various functions in feeding. In this study, fine morphology of the mouthparts and feeding performance of Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål, 1867) was observed and described in detail for the first time. The triangular labrum is divided by a conspicuous transverse membrane into a strongly sclerotized basilabrum and a less sclerotized distilabrum. Fifteen types of sensilla are distributed on the mouthparts. Each mandibular stylet has an expanded spatulate apex and about 150 approximately transverse ridges on the external middle side; these help in penetrating the ventral trunk area and the intersegmental membranes of millipede prey. The right maxilla is tapered. On the internal surface are a row dorsal short bristles near the apex and a row of ventral bristles preapically. A longitudinal row of long lamellate structures extend proximate for a considerable distance, lie entirely within the food canal, and bear several short spines and short bristles. There is no obvious difference between males and females in the distribution, number, and types of sensilla on mouthparts. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including searching and capturing prey, paralyzing prey, a resting phase, and a feeding phase. The evolution of the mouthpart morphology and the putative functional significance of their sensilla are discussed, providing insight into the structure and function of the mouthparts adapted for millipede feeding.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Junru Zhang; Wanshan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. Unique Fine Morphology of Mouthparts in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Adapted to Millipede Feeding. Insects 2020, 11, 386 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Junru Zhang, Wanshan Wang, Jolanta Brożek, Wu Dai. Unique Fine Morphology of Mouthparts in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Adapted to Millipede Feeding. Insects. 2020; 11 (6):386.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Junru Zhang; Wanshan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. 2020. "Unique Fine Morphology of Mouthparts in Haematoloecha nigrorufa (Stål) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) Adapted to Millipede Feeding." Insects 11, no. 6: 386.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2020 in Zoologischer Anzeiger
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Many of true bugs are important pests of cultivated crops, and some are vectors of plants diseases. The pear lace bug, Stephanitis nashi Esaki and Takeya, is a significant pest of fruits and garden crops in East Asia. To provide background information for chemical ecology studies, the antennal morphology and sensilla of both sexes of this species were investigated using scanning electron microscopy. The filiform antennae consist of the scape, pedicel and flagellum. Five types of sensilla were observed, including sensilla basiconica, sensilla trichodea (with four subtypes: St I–IV), sensilla grooved peg, sensilla coeloconica and sensilla campaniformia. Significant sexual dimorphism was found in antenna morphology, including the density of type 2 sensilla trichodea and length of first flagellomere. Males have significantly more sensilla trichodea II (olfactory sensilla) than females, with the main difference found on the first flagellomere and the latter is significantly longer in the male than in the female. The evolution of antennal morphology and the putative functional significance of antennal sensilla are discussed, providing insight into the sensory mechanism.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. Functional morphology and sexual dimorphism of antennae of the pear lace bug Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger 2020, 286, 11 -19.

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Jolanta Brożek, Wu Dai. Functional morphology and sexual dimorphism of antennae of the pear lace bug Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae). Zoologischer Anzeiger. 2020; 286 ():11-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. 2020. "Functional morphology and sexual dimorphism of antennae of the pear lace bug Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Tingidae)." Zoologischer Anzeiger 286, no. : 11-19.

Journal article
Published: 26 February 2020 in Insects
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Mouthpart structures were observed in four species of Largidae using scanning electron microscopy to investigate their morphological disparity, and linked to changes in feeding specialization. The examined species are pests that feed mainly on seeds and plant sap of forbs, shrubs, and trees. Their external mouthparts are described in detail for the first time herein. The cone-like labrum and four-segmented tube-like labium are shorter in Physopelta species than in Macrocheraia grandis (Grey). The labium surface in all studied species bears nine types of sensilla (St1-St2, Sb1-3, Sch, Sca1-2, Sm). The distributions of sensilla on particular labial segments varies among the studied species. The tripartite apex of the labium consists of two lateral lobes and an apical plate that is partly divided in Physopelta species, and not divided in Macrocheraia. Each lateral lobe possesses a sensillar field with 10 thick-walled uniporous sensilla basiconica, one multiporous sensillum styloconicum, and one long non-porous hair sensillum. Each mandibular stylet tip in M. grandis has a central tooth placed anteriorly and pairs of teeth arranged dorso-laterally. In Physopelta, there are one or two central teeth placed anteriorly but two pairs of teeth dorso-laterally. In all studied species, the inner surfaces of the mandibular stylets have scale-like projections. A left–right asymmetry of the maxillary stylets is noticeable; the external end of the right maxillary stylet is smooth and slightly tapered in M. grandis and evidently wider (spoon–like) in the three species of Physopelta, while the left end of the stylets is straight and narrow in M. grandis in contrast to Physopelta, in which the end is straight and wide. No differences in the internal structure of the maxillary stylets were observed among the studied species. Based on structural differences, we inferred that the mandibles and maxillae are more adapted for seed-sucking in Physopelta species than in M. grandis. M. grandis has the ends of the maxillae more narrowed, a trait more adapted for sucking sap from phloem or parenchymal cells.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. Morphological Disparity of the Mouthparts in Polyphagous Species of Largidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha: Pyrrhocoroidea) Reveals Feeding Specialization. Insects 2020, 11, 145 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Jolanta Brożek, Wu Dai. Morphological Disparity of the Mouthparts in Polyphagous Species of Largidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha: Pyrrhocoroidea) Reveals Feeding Specialization. Insects. 2020; 11 (3):145.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. 2020. "Morphological Disparity of the Mouthparts in Polyphagous Species of Largidae (Heteroptera: Pentatomomorpha: Pyrrhocoroidea) Reveals Feeding Specialization." Insects 11, no. 3: 145.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2020 in Micron
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Mouthparts are important appendages that are specialized for detection of food sources and feeding. The pear lace bug, Stephanitis nashi Esaki and Takeya, is a major pest of pear in China, sucking the sap and affecting plant growth. Fine structure of the mouthparts including distribution and abundance of receptor sensilla occurring of adult S. nashi was examined using scanning electron microscopy and structural details are described for the first time. The mouthparts of S. nashi are generally similar to those of other Hemiptera and consist of a pyramidal labrum, a tube-like segmented labium, and a stylet fascicle made up of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. The four segments of the labium differ in length and have five classes of sensilla including 3 types of sensilla basiconica (I, II, III), 2 types of sensilla trichodea (I, II), 1 type of sensillum campaniformium, 1 type of flower-like sensillum and a sensillum placodeum. Sensilla trichodea II are distributed on each segment of the labium. Sensilla basiconica I occur on the base of the second and fourth segment. The labial tripartite apex composes of two sensory fields and a rostral lid. Each sensory field possesses 2 sensilla basiconica II, 9 sensilla basiconica III, 1 flower-like sensillum and 1 sensillum placodeum. The mandibular stylet tips have about 30 pairs of lateral minor teeth, which may help in penetrating leaves. Externally, the end of each maxillary stylet is smooth; internally it has five teeth. There is no obvious difference between males and females in the distribution, number and types of sensilla. The mouthparts morphology of S. nashi, is consistent in many respects to that of many other phytophagous hemipterans but appear to include some features unique to the Tingidae and others that closely resemble those of both phytophagous and predaceous Miridae.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. Sensory armature and stylets of the mouthparts of Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Cimicomorpha: Tingidae), their morphology and function. Micron 2020, 132, 102840 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Jolanta Brożek, Wu Dai. Sensory armature and stylets of the mouthparts of Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Cimicomorpha: Tingidae), their morphology and function. Micron. 2020; 132 ():102840.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. 2020. "Sensory armature and stylets of the mouthparts of Stephanitis nashi (Hemiptera: Cimicomorpha: Tingidae), their morphology and function." Micron 132, no. : 102840.

Original article
Published: 06 October 2019 in Entomological Science
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Selecting stable reference genes for reverse transcription quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis is critically important for gene expression. Bradysia odoriphaga is the most serious pest of Chinese chives, but our knowledge of its genetics is limited. In the present study, five housekeeping genes (β‐Actin, α‐Tubulin, RPS7, GAPDH and 18S rRNA) were cloned from B. odoriphaga using the combined techniques of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The five genes, together with RPS15, were quantified for transcription stability in B. odoriphaga under various experimental conditions. Their expression stability was evaluated using four different algorithms (a comparative ΔCt method, GeNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper). Additionally, we used an online Web‐based tool (RefFinder) to assign an overall final rank to each candidate gene. These analyses identified 18S, RPS15 and RPS7 as the most stable reference genes across developmental stages. 18S, RPS7 and Tubulin were the most stable reference genes for monitoring gene expression across different tissues of adults. RPS7, GAPDH and Tubulin were selected as the best reference genes across different larval tissues. GAPDH and RPS15 were selected to normalize gene expression for experiments of insecticide treatments. Actin and GAPDH are considered suitable reference genes in experiments of temperature treatments. Actin and Tubulin are considered suitable reference genes for starvation experiments. This study provides an important supplement of suitable reference genes for B. odoriphaga and these results provide clues toward the understanding of the genes’ biological functions in B. odoriphaga.

ACS Style

Bowen Tang; Wu Dai; Chunni Zhang. Selection of reference genes for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction normalization in Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomological Science 2019, 22, 422 -436.

AMA Style

Bowen Tang, Wu Dai, Chunni Zhang. Selection of reference genes for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction normalization in Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae). Entomological Science. 2019; 22 (4):422-436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bowen Tang; Wu Dai; Chunni Zhang. 2019. "Selection of reference genes for quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction normalization in Bradysia odoriphaga (Diptera: Sciaridae)." Entomological Science 22, no. 4: 422-436.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2019 in Insects
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To obtain a better understanding of feeding adaptations, the fine structure of the mouthparts in adults of Cheilocapsus nigrescens Liu and Wang, including the sculpture and interlocking mechanisms of the stylets and distribution and abundance of sensilla located on the labium, were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The mouthparts are similar to those of previously studied mirid species in most aspects and composed of a cone-shaped labrum, a tube-like, four-segmented labium with a deep groove on the anterior side, and a stylet fascicle consisting of two mandibular and two maxillary stylets. Each mandibular stylet tip has about 6–8 indistinctive notches, which help in penetrating the leaf surface. A series of transverse squamous textures are present on the adaxial surface of the mandibular stylets. The maxillary stylets interlock to form a food canal and a salivary canal, equipped with an external longitudinal process that engages grooves in the mandibular stylets. Three kinds of sensilla, including four types of sensilla basiconica (I, II, III, and IV), four types of sensilla trichodea (I, II, III, and IV), and one type of sensillum campaniformium, occur at different locations on the labium. Among them, sensilla trichodea I and II are the most abundant; sensilla basiconica II occurs between the first segment and second segment, and between the third and fourth segment. The tripartite apex of the labium consists of two lateral lobes and an apical plate. Each lateral lobe possesses a field of 11 sensilla basiconica IV and 1 sensillum trichodeum IV. The morphology of the mouthparts and the distribution of sensilla located on the labium in C. nigrescens are discussed with respect to their possible taxonomic and functional significance. In particular, the indistinct notches of the mandibular stylet and smooth inner surface of the right maxillary stylets are suited primarily for phytophagy.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Lingfei Li; Wu Dai. Fine Morphology of the Mouthparts in Cheilocapsus nigrescens (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Reflects Adaptation for Phytophagous Habits. Insects 2019, 10, 143 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Lingfei Li, Wu Dai. Fine Morphology of the Mouthparts in Cheilocapsus nigrescens (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Reflects Adaptation for Phytophagous Habits. Insects. 2019; 10 (5):143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Lingfei Li; Wu Dai. 2019. "Fine Morphology of the Mouthparts in Cheilocapsus nigrescens (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) Reflects Adaptation for Phytophagous Habits." Insects 10, no. 5: 143.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2019 in Insects
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Hishimonus Ishihara is a large genus of leafhoppers widely distributed in Asia, Africa, and Australia. Its greatest diversity appears to be in the Oriental region where recent investigations on Hishimonus suggest much of the diversity remains undocumented. In the present study, twenty-eight species of the leafhopper genus Hishimonus Ishihara from China are reviewed based on comparative morphological study, including ten new species: H. fletcheri sp. nov., H. lii sp. nov., H. dietrichi sp. nov., H. kuohi sp. nov., H. tenuis sp. nov., H. hamuleus sp. nov., H. triangulus sp. nov., H. virakatmathiellus sp. nov., H. paraphycitis sp. nov., and H.yuanmouensis sp. nov. Two additional species (Hishimonus knightiellus Virktamath & Murthy and Hishimonus subtilis Knight) are recorded from China for the first time. Furthermore, three new synonymies are proposed: Hishimonus reflexus Kuoh, 1976 syn. nov. and Hishimonus biuncinatus Li, 1988 syn. nov. are reduced to synonymy with Hishimonus bucephalus Emeljanov, 1969; Hishimonus lamellatus Cai & Kuoh, 1995 syn. nov. is a junior synonym of Hishimonus expansivus Li, 1988. All the taxa are described and illustrated based on observations of specimens from China. The first study of the female genitalia of Chinese Hishimonus reveals considerable similarity among the Hishimonus species studied. A key and list of all Chinese Hishimonus species are also provided.

ACS Style

Lan Du; Wu Dai; Du; Dai. High Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Hishimonus Ishihara (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China, with Description of Ten New Species. Insects 2019, 10, 120 .

AMA Style

Lan Du, Wu Dai, Du, Dai. High Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Hishimonus Ishihara (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China, with Description of Ten New Species. Insects. 2019; 10 (5):120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lan Du; Wu Dai; Du; Dai. 2019. "High Species Diversity of the Leafhopper Genus Hishimonus Ishihara (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China, with Description of Ten New Species." Insects 10, no. 5: 120.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2019 in Insects
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The rice spittlebug Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) is an important pest of rice and maize in South Asia and causes severe economic damage. To provide background information for chemical ecology studies, the fine morphology of antennae and the types and distribution of the sensilla on the male and female antennae of Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) are investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results show that the antenna is filiform and composed of three segments: a scape, a pedicel, and a flagellum. The female antennae are slightly shorter than the male antennae. In both sexes, four types and nine subtypes of sensilla were observed: sensilla basiconica (SB1, SB2), sensilla campaniformia (SCa1, SCa2 and SCa3), sensilla coeloconica (SCo1, SCo2 and SCo3) and sensilla trichodea (ST). In addition, sensilla coeloconica (SCo1) are observed on the membrane of the top of the pedicel in Cercopidae for the first time. Sexual dimorphism mainly occurs in variation in the number of sensilla coeloconica (SCo2, SCo3) on the bulb-shaped portion of the flagellum and in the shape of sensilla basiconica (SB2). There are significantly more sensilla coeloconica in males than in females. The external structure and distribution of these sensilla are compared to those of other cercopids and possible functions of the antennal sensilla are discussed.

ACS Style

Qing Zhu; Nan Wu; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. Antennal Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Insects 2019, 10, 56 .

AMA Style

Qing Zhu, Nan Wu, Jolanta Brożek, Wu Dai. Antennal Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae). Insects. 2019; 10 (2):56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qing Zhu; Nan Wu; Jolanta Brożek; Wu Dai. 2019. "Antennal Morphology and Sexual Dimorphism of Antennal Sensilla in Callitettix versicolor (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Cercopidae)." Insects 10, no. 2: 56.

Research article
Published: 02 January 2019 in Systematics and Biodiversity
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A remarkable new genus of tribe Opsiini (Deltocephalinae), Yinformibus gen. nov. including Yinformibus menglaensis sp. nov. is described from Yunnan of China. The new genus is placed in the tribe Opsiini based on male adults having a pair of aedeagal shafts, each with its own gonopore. Partial 28S rDNA and Histone H3 sequences are provided for the new species, and a phylogenetic analysis based on these markers for Deltocephalinae retrieved from GenBank suggests Opsiini is monophyletic and supports the placement of Yinformibus gen. nov. in Opsiini. The molecular results placed the new genus in a clade comprising Hishimonus Ishihara, Opsius Fieber, and an undescribed genus from Zambia. Additionally, we also analysed the relationships of Yinformibus gen. nov. with other genera based on morphology. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:85C23AC3-8B19-4F29-9F55-BFC392242B51

ACS Style

Yimin Du; Zonglei Liang; Wu Dai. A remarkable new opsiine leafhopper genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Southern China, with notes on its phylogenetic position. Systematics and Biodiversity 2019, 17, 51 -59.

AMA Style

Yimin Du, Zonglei Liang, Wu Dai. A remarkable new opsiine leafhopper genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Southern China, with notes on its phylogenetic position. Systematics and Biodiversity. 2019; 17 (1):51-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yimin Du; Zonglei Liang; Wu Dai. 2019. "A remarkable new opsiine leafhopper genus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Southern China, with notes on its phylogenetic position." Systematics and Biodiversity 17, no. 1: 51-59.

Journal article
Published: 14 November 2018 in Zootaxa
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Two new species of the genus Maiestas Distant are described and illustrated from Australia, M. barrowensis n. sp. and M. viraktamathi n. sp. In addition, Maiestas webbi Zhang & Duan, previously known only from China, is recorded for the first time from Australia. A checklist of species from the Australian region and a key for their separation are provided.

ACS Style

Murray J. Fletcher; Wu Dai. Two new species of Maiestas Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) with a new record from Australia. Zootaxa 2018, 4521, 430 -440.

AMA Style

Murray J. Fletcher, Wu Dai. Two new species of Maiestas Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) with a new record from Australia. Zootaxa. 2018; 4521 (3):430-440.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Murray J. Fletcher; Wu Dai. 2018. "Two new species of Maiestas Distant (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Deltocephalini) with a new record from Australia." Zootaxa 4521, no. 3: 430-440.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2018 in International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
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Comparative studies of leafhopper mitochondrial genomes suggest that genome rearrangements are very rare in these insects but that nucleotide sequences are informative of phylogenetic relationships at various levels of divergence. A recent study reported that tRNA cluster trnW-trnC-trnY is rearranged to trnC-trnW-trnY in the Aster Leafhopper, Macrosteles quadrilineatus, an economically important North American species. The complete mitochondrial genome of the East Asian species, Macrosteles quadrimaculatus, sequenced and annotated here for the first time, reveals that this species shares the same tRNA rearrangement, suggesting it is a genus-level trait. The entire mitogenome of M. quadrimaculatus is a circular molecule 15,734 bp in size comprising 37 genes and one control region, which is similar to other studied hemipteran mitogenomes. The whole mitogenome sequence shows heavily A + T biased nucleotide composition (77.7%) and moderately positive AT-skews (0.120). Except for the nad5 gene which starts with TTG and ends with incomplete codon T, all protein-coding genes begin with ATN codons and terminate with TAA. All tRNA genes have typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnS1, in which dihydrouridine (DHU) stem is simplified to form a loop structure. Phylogenetic analysis based on nucleotide sequence datasets recovered Macrosteles as monophyletic and sister to the rest of Deltocephalinae.

ACS Style

Yimin Du; Christopher H. Dietrich; Wu Dai. Complete mitochondrial genome of Macrosteles quadrimaculatus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with a shared tRNA rearrangement and its phylogenetic implications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 2018, 122, 1027 -1034.

AMA Style

Yimin Du, Christopher H. Dietrich, Wu Dai. Complete mitochondrial genome of Macrosteles quadrimaculatus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with a shared tRNA rearrangement and its phylogenetic implications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. 2018; 122 ():1027-1034.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yimin Du; Christopher H. Dietrich; Wu Dai. 2018. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Macrosteles quadrimaculatus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) with a shared tRNA rearrangement and its phylogenetic implications." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 122, no. : 1027-1034.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2017 in Scientific Reports
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The widespread leafhopper genus Scaphoideus Uhler is the most diverse genus in Scaphoideini and includes some species that are serious pests and vectors of plant pathogens. Here the first Scaphoideus mitogenome sequences are provided for three species, S. maai, S. nigrivalveus and S. varius, representing three main species groups in the Oriental region based on color pattern. The lengths of these three mitogenomes were 15,188, 15,235 and 15,207 bp, respectively. Gene order of three mitogenomes is highly conserved and identical to that of the putative ancestral insect. All three mitogenomes exhibited similar AT nucleotide bias, AT-, GC-skews and codon usage. One large 101 bp intergenic spacer between trnY and cox1 was in S. varius. All 22 tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnS1 (AGN) which appears to lack the dihydrouridine arm. Genes atp8, nad6 and nad2 were highly variable while cox1 showed the lowest nucleotide diversity. Phylogenetic analyses of three concatenated nucleotide datasets using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods, comprising all 13 mitogenomes currently available for Membracoidea plus mitogenomes for eight outgroup species representing other cicadomorphan superfamilies, yielded the same topology in which Scaphoideus species formed a monophyletic group within a larger clade comprising three other included Deltocephalinae.

ACS Style

Yimin Du; Wu Dai; Christopher H. Dietrich. Mitochondrial genomic variation and phylogenetic relationships of three groups in the genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 16908 .

AMA Style

Yimin Du, Wu Dai, Christopher H. Dietrich. Mitochondrial genomic variation and phylogenetic relationships of three groups in the genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):16908.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yimin Du; Wu Dai; Christopher H. Dietrich. 2017. "Mitochondrial genomic variation and phylogenetic relationships of three groups in the genus Scaphoideus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 16908.

Comparative study
Published: 27 October 2017 in Scientific Reports
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Only six mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) have been previously published for Cicadellidae, the largest family of Hemiptera. This study provides complete, annotated mitogenomes of two additional cicadellid, species Maiestas dorsalis and Japananus hyalinus, and the first comparative mitogenome analysis across the superfamily Membracoidea. The mitogenomes of both sequenced species are similar to those of other studied hemipteran mitogenomes in organization and the lengths are 15,352 and 15,364 bp with an A + T content of 78.7% and 76.6%, respectively. In M. dorsalis, all sequenced genes are arranged in the putative ancestral insect gene arrangement, while the tRNA cluster trnW-trnC-trnY is rearranged to trnY-trnW-trnC in J. hyalinus, the first reported gene rearrangement in Membracoidea. Phylogenetic analyses of the 11 available membracoid mitogenomes and outgroups representing the other two cicadomorphan superfamilies supported the monophyly of Membracoidea, and indicated that treehoppers are a derived lineage of leafhoppers. ML and BI analyses yielded topologies that were congruent except for relationships among included representatives of subfamily Deltocephalinae. Exclusion of third codon positions of PCGs improved some node support values in ML analyses.

ACS Style

Yimin Du; Chunni Zhang; Christopher H. Dietrich; Yalin Zhang; Wu Dai. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Maiestas dorsalis and Japananus hyalinus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and comparison with other Membracoidea. Scientific Reports 2017, 7, 1 -10.

AMA Style

Yimin Du, Chunni Zhang, Christopher H. Dietrich, Yalin Zhang, Wu Dai. Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Maiestas dorsalis and Japananus hyalinus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and comparison with other Membracoidea. Scientific Reports. 2017; 7 (1):1-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yimin Du; Chunni Zhang; Christopher H. Dietrich; Yalin Zhang; Wu Dai. 2017. "Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genomes of Maiestas dorsalis and Japananus hyalinus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and comparison with other Membracoidea." Scientific Reports 7, no. 1: 1-10.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2017 in Zootaxa
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The paralimnine leafhopper genus Jilinga Ghauri is revised and additional characters of the leg and female genitalia are described. A new species, Jilinga taibaiensis sp. nov., from China is described. Habitus photographs and illustrations of male and female genitalia of J. taibaiensis sp. nov. and J. asymmetrica Xing are provided. A key is given to distinguish males of five species.

ACS Style

Huining Zhang; Wu Dai. Revision of the grassland leafhopper genus Jilinga Ghauri (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini) with description of a new species from China. Zootaxa 2017, 4268, 541 -553.

AMA Style

Huining Zhang, Wu Dai. Revision of the grassland leafhopper genus Jilinga Ghauri (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini) with description of a new species from China. Zootaxa. 2017; 4268 (4):541-553.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huining Zhang; Wu Dai. 2017. "Revision of the grassland leafhopper genus Jilinga Ghauri (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini) with description of a new species from China." Zootaxa 4268, no. 4: 541-553.

Research article
Published: 08 May 2017 in PLOS ONE
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Mouthpart structure and feeding behavior in the temperate firebug, Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich, an important pest that feeds on seeds of leguminous and gramineous plants, are described for the first time. Mouthparts were observed using scanning electron microscopy to examine the external morphology, distribution and abundance of sensilla on mouthparts. Feeding performance by adults on both seeds and shoots were observed using a binocular microscope. The four-segmented labium contains 3 types of sensilla trichodea, 3 types of sensilla basiconica, 1 type of sensilla placodea and 1 type of sensilla campaniformia. Among them, sensilla trichodea are most abundant. The tripartite apex of the labium consists of two lateral lobes and an apical plate. Each lateral lobe possesses a field of 12 thick-walled uniporous peg sensilla and long non-porous hair sensilla. The mandibular stylet tips have three central teeth and two pairs of lateral teeth, which may help in penetrating hard seed coats. A series of scale-like projections are present on the inner surface of the mandibular stylets. The externally smooth maxillary stylets interlock to form a larger food canal and a smaller salivary canal, and there are five tubercles near the tip of the right stylet. Cross-sections of the stylet fascicle show that each mandibular stylet has a dendritic canal. The adult feeding process involves several steps, including exploring and puncturing of the host epidermis, a probing phase, an engorgement phase, and removal of the mouthparts from the host tissue. The structure and function of the mouthparts are adapted for the seed feeding habits.

ACS Style

Yan Wang; Wu Dai. Fine structure of mouthparts and feeding performance of Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich with remarks on the specialization of sensilla and stylets for seed feeding. PLOS ONE 2017, 12, e0177209 .

AMA Style

Yan Wang, Wu Dai. Fine structure of mouthparts and feeding performance of Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich with remarks on the specialization of sensilla and stylets for seed feeding. PLOS ONE. 2017; 12 (5):e0177209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yan Wang; Wu Dai. 2017. "Fine structure of mouthparts and feeding performance of Pyrrhocoris sibiricus Kuschakevich with remarks on the specialization of sensilla and stylets for seed feeding." PLOS ONE 12, no. 5: e0177209.