Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are currently being used as a light source for in vitro regeneration or the growth of plants in a controlled environment. However, it is crucial to define the target system’s sensitivity to light quality before LEDs may be employed as the exclusive source of light. The objective of the present work was to investigate the influence of red (R), blue (B), white (W), and a combination of red plus blue (1:1) and red, blue, and green (1:1:1) LEDs on Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Shy Pink’ during in vitro regeneration. It was observed that LED lighting had a substantial impact on the process of shoot regeneration, shoot growth, and rooting of the shoots. When compared to other light treatments, red plus blue (1:1) LED had the greatest impact on the regeneration of shoots, growth of shoots, and root regeneration from shoot and root growth. Length of shoots, height of plantlets, and petiole length were affected by a red LED, and leaf length, width, and area were affected by a blue LED. The content of photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids) was higher with acclimatized plants upon transplantation, which were regenerated under blue LEDs. In acclimatized plants, photosynthetic efficiency was calculated. Higher internal CO₂ concentrations (Ci), photosynthetic rates (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rates (Tr) were seen in plants that were grown under red plus blue (1:1) LED. However, the plants that were grown under white LEDs had higher chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm). Collectively, the current results suggest that red and blue LED is suitable for in vitro regeneration of Gerbera jamesonii cv. ‘Shy Pink’ plants compared to red, blue, and white LEDs.

Temporary immersion system (TIS) cultures are reported to be superior when compared to semi-solid (SS) and liquid (LQ) cultures for the in vitro plant regeneration of many plant species. In the present study, we used a TIS for plant regeneration of Gerbera jemesonii “Shy Pink” and compared the results with that of SS and LQ cultures. The number of shoots regenerated in the SS, LQ, and TIS cultures was 6.93, 3.13, and 3.03, respectively. The shoots regenerated with the SS and LQ cultures demonstrated 3.33 and 4.22% hyperhydricity, whereas the shoots regenerated with the TIS were healthy even though the number of shoots regenerated was less. The plantlets regenerated with the TIS demonstrated higher values for the number of roots, root length, biomass of the plantlets, leaf length/width, and area compared to the SS and LQ cultures. When the G. jemesonii “Shy Pink” plants were regenerated using the TIS, their levels of photosynthetic pigments were highest. The number of stomata on the abaxial surface of their leaves was 11.40, and the frequency of closed stomata was 59% for the plants regenerated with the TIS. The number of stomata was 21.4 and 14.5 for the plants regenerated with the SS and LQ cultures, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of closed stomata was 13% and 15% for the plants regenerated with SS and LQ cultures. Furthermore, G. jemesonii “Shy Pink” showed the highest survival of plants when regenerated in the TIS compared to SS and LQ cultures. The TIS was found to be the most suitable culture system for plant regeneration of G. jemesonii “Shy Pink” compared to SS and LQ cultures.