Photodynamic therapy is a technique that consists of activating a Photosensitizing Agent (PS) to form reactive oxygen species, which are important for antimicrobial action. This research aimed to carry out laboratory tests to measure singlet oxygenand superoxide radicals release as a function of different formulations and concentrations of methylene blue (MB), eosin Y (EY) and fluorescein (FL) dyes, and to compare their photodynamic efficiency. Solutions containing these compounds in a MIX solvent (glycerol, ethanol and water) irradiated with low power laser (λ= 660 nm) were analyzed. The production of singlet oxygen (1O2) was photometrically evaluated through the consumption rate of 1-3 diphenylisobenzofuran (DPBF), a 1O2 sequestering substance. Statistical analyses applied were the ANOVA and Duncan's complementary test using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. MB had greater photodynamic activity, as it presented higher values for the decrease in DPBF for the three concentrations evaluated. The mean concentration was 89.9% at 150 µM, 87.6% and 2.9 at 15 µM, and 77.3% and 2.5 at 1.5 µM. EY and FL presented similar results, with no significant difference between the concentrations. The MB at 150 µM expressed greater production of 1O2, which suggests a greater antimicrobial effect and highlights its relevancecompared to the other dyes.

Acrylic resin is widely used in removable dental prostheses due to its biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of handling; however, it presents mechanical limitations and a high susceptibility to microbial colonization, particularly by Candida albicans. The incorporation of nanoparticles into polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) has been investigated as a strategy to mitigate these drawbacks. This scoping review evaluated the impacts of incorporating chitosan (CTS) nanoparticles into PMMA on antimicrobial activity and mechanical properties. A comprehensive search of the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and BVS databases resulted in the retrieval of 1912 records. After removing 557 duplicates and applying the eligibility criteria, 9 in vitro studies were included. Despite methodological heterogeneity, most studies reported enhanced antifungal activity against C. albicans and improvements in mechanical properties, such as microhardness and overall strength, when CTS was incorporated. Thus, CTS appears to be a promising additive for denture base resins, with the potential to reduce denture-associated infections and increase the longevity of prostheses. Nevertheless, standardized methodologies and well-designed in vivo and clinical investigations remain essential to determine optimal concentrations, incorporation techniques, and long-term clinical performance before implementation. A scoping review design was selected due to the exploratory nature of the study and the heterogeneity of available evidence, which precludes direct comparisons and quantitative synthesis.

To enhance interaction with the host tissue and protect the metal surface, various surface treatments can be applied to dental implants. This study aimed to produce layer-by-layer (LbL) films by alternated immersion of the titanium sample into polyacrylic acid (PAA) and chitosan solutions, obtaining a PAA/chitosan bilayer architecture, seeking to improve the corrosion resistance. For this purpose, 03 experimental groups (n = 05) were performed: Ti-Cp (as control), Ti-Cp+8 bilayers PAA/chitosan, and Ti-Cp+12 bilayers PAA/chitosan. The corrosion behavior was assessed by using open-circuit potential (OCP), potentiodynamic polarization curves (PPcs) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, conducted in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution at a controlled temperature of 25 ± 1 °C. The samples were characterized morphologically and structurally by atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques before and after the corrosion tests. The electrochemical results significantly highlight the beneficial influence of coatings based on PAA/chitosan in enhancing the corrosion resistance of titanium. These findings not only corroborate the feasibility of using alternative materials for the protection of titanium but also open new possibilities for the development of innovative coatings that can be applied within the biomedical sector, serving as mediators for medicinal purposes, particularly in osteoconductive interventions.

This study evaluated the effects of incorporating silk fibroin nanoparticles into self-curing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) on the mechanical and Candida albicans responses of provisional dental prostheses. Rectangular specimens (64 × 10 × 3 mm) were fabricated and assigned to three groups (n = 10): G1 (control), PMMA without reinforcement; G2, PMMA with 0.5% silk nanoparticles; and G3, PMMA with 1% silk nanoparticleScheme4. 4 × 6 mm) were prepared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess nanoparticle incorporation within the polymer matrix. No significant differences were observed in surface roughness (G1 = 0.4118 ± 0.100; G2 = 0.3245 ± 0.072; G3 = 0.3269 ± 0.076) or microhardness (G1 = 12.21 ± 0.351; G2 = 12.72 ± 0.213; G3 = 12.53 ± 0.177). Flexural strength differed significantly among the groups (p = 0.009), with higher values in nanoparticle-reinforced specimens (G1 = 79.142 ± 3.202; G2 = 87.089 ± 2.756; G3 = 92.412 ± 1.963). None of the tested concentrations exhibited antifungal activity against C. albicans. In conclusion, the incorporation of silk fibroin nanoparticles enhanced the flexural strength of self-curing PMMA without adversely affecting surface roughness or microhardness, although no antifungal effect was detected at the evaluated concentrations.

This study was a parallel, double-blind, randomized clinical trial that aimed to evaluate the effect of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on the prevention of dental caries in the first permanent molars of children. A total of 68 students aged 6 to 9 years from a public school in Diamantina, Brazil, participated. All children were classified as high caries risk and had at least one fully erupted molar without restorations or sealants. The participants were randomly divided in a 1:1 ratio to receive either SDF or resin sealant. The main outcome was the incidence of new carious lesions after 24 months. Secondary outcomes included plaque accumulation, gingival bleeding, oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL, CPQ-8-10), caregiver satisfaction, and discomfort reported by the children using the Wong-Baker scale. Sociodemographic and health information were collected using questionnaires, dietary diaries, and clinical examinations in accordance with ICDAS-II criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0, employing Chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Most families had low incomes, and mothers were usually responsible for the children's daily care. After 2 years, the SDF group showed a significant reduction in plaque compared with baseline, whereas the sealant group showed a small, non-significant increase. No significant difference in gingival bleeding was observed between groups. Both interventions were well tolerated, although the dark staining of the SDF-treated teeth was clearly visible. In conclusion, SDF demonstrated good preventive performance and acceptance among children at

Ti owes its clinical durability to a protective passive oxide film; however, repetitive toothbrushing and fluoride exposure may disrupt this interface and increase its susceptibility to tribocorrosion. This in vitro study investigated the electrochemical behaviour and surface integrity of commercially pure titanium (CpTi) grade II coated with Ta₂O₅ or ZrO₂ after simulated toothbrushing. CpTi discs were divided into three groups: CpTi, CpTi/Ta₂O₅, and CpTi/ZrO₂. The coatings were deposited by reactive DC magnetron sputtering. Film thickness and adhesion were assessed by step-height and tape tests. Simulated toothbrushing was performed for 22,080 cycles/2 Hz under a load of 200 gf in either Fusayama artificial saliva (AS) or a fluoridated dentifrice (FD) slurry with AS (1:2 w/w). Surface morphology, elemental composition, topography, roughness, crystalline structure, and wettability were evaluated using SEM/EDS, AFM, XRD, and static and dynamic contact angle (CA) measurements. Electrochemical behaviour was assessed by OCP, EIS, and potentiodynamic polarisation. Toothbrushing induced cyclic OCP shifts consistent with depassivation and repassivation, with surface- and medium-dependent electrochemical responses (p ≤ 0.001). CpTi exhibited a more active electrochemical state, higher i_corr, and more pronounced surface alterations. Both coatings significantly improved i_corr and corrosion rate (CR) (p < 0.001). Ta₂O₅ provided the greatest electrochemical protection, reducing the CR by approximately 95% versus 77% for ZrO₂. Topographical response to F brushing was also surface-dependent (p < 0.001). Roughness was unchanged after corrosion but surface-dependent after toothbrushing (p < 0.001), while wettability increased after corrosion (p ≤ 0.003) and CAH was surface-dependent (p = 0.003). Within the limitations of this in vitro study, Ta₂O₅ and ZrO₂ coatings enhanced the electrochemical response of CpTi under simulated oral-hygiene challenges, with Ta₂O₅ providing the strongest overall protection, suggesting that oxide surface modification is a promising strategy for improving the tribocorrosion behaviour of Ti-based dental materials.