A novel approach for the production of 2,5-hexanedione (HDN) and 3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one (3-MCO) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by water splitting with Zn is reported for the first time.

A non-noble ternary skeletal CuAlZn catalyst was designed for direct hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate (EL) to 1,4-pentanediol (1,4-PDO).

An efficient unsupported nanoporous nickel (NiNPore) material for the hydrogenation of carbonates to formic acid (FA) in water was investigated for the first time. NiNPore is an environmentally benign catalyst and it exhibited remarkable catalytic activity in the reduction of a wide range of carbonates to afford formic acid in excellent yields with high selectivity, and maximum values of 86.6% from NaHCO₃ and even up to 92.1% from KHCO₃ were obtained. The hydrogen pressure and pK_a of the carbonates had a significant influence on the formation of FA. The catalyst was easily recovered and could be recycled at least five times without leaching and loss of activity. The present study demonstrated a potential application for the synthesis of FA from CO₂ or carbonate compounds.

An efficient process for the production of levulinate esters from biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol in liquid alcohol over commercial α-Fe₂O₃ was firstly investigated.