Objective: Although several studies have found dietary intake is related to multiple myeloma (MM) and its precursor status risks, the role of one’s nutritional status has been ignored and its role in plasma cell neoplasm development is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between various clinical indices of nutritional status and the risk of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) in the population. Methods: We selected 9520 participants from the NHANES III and NHANES 1999–2004 studies. Controlling nutritional status index (CONUT), prognostic nutritional index (PNI), geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) and body mass index (BMI) were calculated as indices of nutritional status of the participants. Associations between nutritional indices and MGUS were investigated using multiple logistic regression, subgroup analysis, and an RCS model. Results: In our study, 266 participants had MGUS, with a prevalence of 2.79%. This study found that CONUT and PNI identified populations with poor nutritional status and had a significant positive correlation with the risk of MGUS. In multivariate logistic regression, compared with the lower CONUT score (<3) group, the OR for the group with higher scores (≥3) was 1.805 (95%CI: 1.271, 2.564). Compared with the lowest quartile group, the highest quartile PNI score group had an OR of 0.509 (95%CI: 0.290, 0.896). GNRI had no significant correlation with the risk of MGUS, with an OR of 0.737 (95%CI: 0.443, 1.227). Conclusion: This study found that older adults with CONUT and PNI scores indicating poorer nutrition had a higher risk of MGUS.

Background: Plasma cell neoplasms are a group of hematologic neoplasms that often develop in the elderly population. The relationship between cholesterol levels and hematologic malignancy has been identified in population studies. However, it is still unclear if there is a relationship between cholesterol levels and plasma cell neoplasm in European ancestry.Methods: Prospective cohorts included 502,507 individuals from the UK Biobank who were followed up to 2019 and assessed total cholesterol(TC) levels, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, apolipoprotein A (ApoA) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) as risk factors for plasma cell neoplasms with Cox proportional hazard regression and restricted cubic spline model. We also used two‐sample Mendelian randomization to determine if the cholesterol level has a causal effect on developing plasma cell neoplasms.Results: We observed 1819 plasma cell neoplasm cases during 14.2 years of follow‐up in the UK Biobank. We found higher blood serum cholesterol levels at baseline were associated with a lower risk of plasma cell neoplasm in our study. All lipid profiles we analyzed in this study were inversely associated with plasma cell neoplasm risk (all p_trend <0.005) but triglycerides did not have such association. However, there was no suggestive association of genetically predicted serum LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol levels with multiple myeloma.Conclusion: Low serum total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, ApoA, and ApoB levels were all associated with increasing the risk of plasma cell neoplasm.

Anemia, a global health concern, significantly impacts children and adolescents, impairing their physical and cognitive development. While nutritional deficiencies are primary contributors, oxidative stress has emerged as a key factor in anemia pathogenesis. Flavonoids, known for their antioxidant properties, may play a protective role, but their relationship with anemia in pediatric populations remains underexplored. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (2007–2008, 2009–2010, and 2017–2018), we analyzed 6815 participants aged ≤20 years to investigate the association between dietary flavonoid intake and anemia risk. Flavonoid intake was assessed via two 24 h dietary recalls, and anemia was defined using WHO hemoglobin thresholds. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were employed, adjusting for sociodemographic, dietary, and lifestyle factors. The results showed that lower dietary flavonoid intake was significantly associated with increased anemia risk. High-intake groups of total flavonoids and flavan-3-ols were linked to a reduced anemia prevalence compared to low-intake groups, with odds ratios (ORs) of OR = 0.641 (95% CI: 0.439, 0.935) and 0.612 (95% CI: 0.406, 0.921), respectively. This study highlights the potential protective role of dietary flavonoids, particularly flavan-3-ols, in reducing the anemia risk among children and adolescents, underscoring the importance of flavonoid-rich diets in anemia prevention.