Nowadays, children and adolescents are exposed to digital media (DM) from an early age. Therefore, specific guidelines have been published by the World Health Organization, whose aim is to limit daily screen time (ST) viewing. However, during the COVID-19 pandemic, a rise in DM use, and consequently ST viewing, was observed. More and more aspects of modern life are thought to be affected by excessive ST viewing. Accordingly, the aim of this review is to document the health effects of excessive ST viewing on children and adolescents. A narrative review was performed in searchable databases. In total, 43 original articles were considered. Excessive ST viewing was correlated with increased risk for obesity and other cardiometabolic risk factors, mental health, unhealthy dietary habits and eating disorders, and problems in development and child–parent relationships. Sleep, physical activity, eyesight, headaches, and the musculoskeletal system were negatively affected as well. However, the effect of ST was weighted by the type of media used and the way types of media were used. Other confounding factors were reported. There is evidence to suggest a negative correlation between excessive ST and youth health exists. Nevertheless, more research is needed if this correlation is to be established.

Introduction: Lipid Transfer Proteins (LTPs) are plant-derived panallergens that have emerged as significant allergens in Mediterranean populations. Though less common in children, LTP allergies represent a critical consideration for physicians diagnosing plant food allergies in this demographic. Methodology: PRISMA-ScR guidelines were followed. A search with specific terms was performed in searchable databases. Two of the authors extracted and evaluated the data. Results: A total of 21 original studies and 6 case reports focusing on LTP allergies in the paediatric population met the inclusion criteria. Diagnostic tools, predictive markers and management options for LTP allergies were examined. Allergens, clinical presentation and history were the diagnostic tools investigated. The clinical and laboratory phenotypes of the patient were considered possible predictive markers for the evaluation and progression of LTP allergies. Lastly, dietary modifications and sublingual immunotherapy were identified as the main focus of LTP allergy management. Discussion: A summary of the results is presented, and at the same time, questions concerning the nature of LTP allergies and their management are raised. Conclusions: LTP allergy in children is something physicians should be aware of. Further research is needed to establish the differences in LTP allergies in children and adults and the effectiveness of immunotherapy in paediatric populations.

Background: Highly effective CFTR modulator therapy has substantially changed the clinical course of cystic fibrosis (CF), but the magnitude of treatment response may vary according to baseline lung function. We evaluated the real-world effects of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor (ETI) in people with CF aged >6 years across a broad range of baseline lung function. Methods: In this observational study, 62 people with CF (23 male; age range 7.8–36.8 years) who were eligible for ETI according to genotype underwent assessment at treatment initiation and after 6 months. Assessments included spirometry, respiratory oscillometry, body composition and biochemical measurements. Results: Mean ppFEV1 increased from 94% at baseline to 108% after 6 months (p < 0.001), while mean FEF25–75 increased from 77% to 100% predicted (p < 0.001). Lower baseline ppFEV1 was associated with a greater ppFEV1 response (r = −0.596, p < 0.001), and baseline ppFEV1 remained the only significant factor associated with ppFEV1 change in multivariable analysis (β = −0.21, p = 0.006). Improvement was greater among participants with baseline ppFEV1 < 90%, although a measurable increase was also observed in those with ppFEV1 ≥ 90%. BMI increased significantly. HDL and LDL cholesterol increased (p = 0.007 and p = 0.011, respectively), whereas C-reactive protein decreased (p < 0.001). Changes in oscillometry were modest and provided limited additional information beyond spirometry in this cohort. Conclusions: ETI was associated with significant improvements in lung function in people with CF aged >6 years, including those with preserved baseline spirometry. The magnitude of ppFEV1 improvement was greatest in participants with lower baseline ppFEV1. These findings support measurable physiological benefit from ETI across a broad spectrum of baseline lung function, while highlighting the need for longer-term studies of outcomes in people with near-normal spirometry.