Background: Sorghum is a cereal source of energy, carbohydrates, resistant starch, proanthocyanidins, and 3-deoxyanthocyanins; it promotes satiety by slowing digestion and benefits intestinal health. Objective: This study investigated the effects of extruded sorghum SC319 consumption on intestinal health, weight loss, and inflammatory markers in men with overweight. Methods: This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind clinical trial. Twenty-one men were randomly allocated into one of two groups: the sorghum group (test), which received 40 g of extruded SC319 whole sorghum (n = 10), or the wheat group (control), which received 38 g of extruded whole wheat (n = 11) for eight weeks. Results: The sorghum consumption increased the weight loss intragroup, decreased the body fat percentage intergroup, and did not change inflammatory markers, while the wheat group had increased IL-6 levels compared to baseline. Short-chain fatty acid production, fecal pH, and α and β diversity indexes did not differ intra- and intergroup after interventions. However, sorghum consumption decreased genus levels of Clostridium_sensu_stricto 1, Dorea, and Odoribacter and increased CAG-873 and Turicibacter compared to baseline. Further, sorghum showed a tendency (p = 0.07) to decrease the proteobacteria phyla compared to wheat. Conclusion: Extruded sorghum SC319 improved intestinal microbiota and body composition and promoted weight loss, demonstrating its prebiotic potential.

Background: Chronic kidney disease increases uremic toxins concentrations, which have been associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Sorghum bicolor L. Moench has dietary fiber and bioactive compounds, while Bifidobacterium longum can promote beneficial health effects. Methods: It is a controlled, randomized, and single-blind clinical trial. Thirty-nine subjects were randomly separated into two groups: symbiotic group (SG), which received 100 mL of unfermented probiotic milk with Bifidobacterium longum strain and 40 g of extruded sorghum flakes; and the control group (CG), which received 100 mL of pasteurized milk and 40 g of extruded corn flakes for seven weeks. Results: The uremic toxins decreased, and gastrointestinal symptoms improved intragroup in the SG group. The acetic, propionic, and butyric acid production increased intragroup in the SG group. Regarding α-diversity, the Chao1 index was enhanced in the SG intragroup. The KEGG analysis revealed that symbiotic meal increased the intragroup energy and amino sugar metabolism, in addition to enabling essential amino acid production and metabolism, sucrose degradation, and the biosynthesis of ribonucleotide metabolic pathways. Conclusions: The consumption of symbiotic meal reduced BMI, improved short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and gastrointestinal symptoms, increased diversity according to the Chao1 index, and reduced uremic toxins in chronic kidney disease patients.

Cooked whole germinated millet flour ( Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.) presented better protein quality than cooked whole non-germinated millet flour, and in addition improved the biochemical parameters and intestinal health variables in Wistar rats.

To evaluate the sensorial acceptance of sorghum beverage and its acute effect on the glycemic and insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) responses, food consumption, and subjective appetite and satiety sensations in normoglycemic adults. The sorghum flour was characterized, followed by the development of the beverages and sensory analysis with 60 adults. Subsequently, an acute trial was conducted with 14 normoglycemic individuals, where capillary and venous blood were collected at different time points to assess glycemic, insulinemic and satiety responses. Glycemic index of the beverages, food intake, and subjective appetite sensations were also evaluated. The study was registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (register number: RBR-32v2gm5). The germinated and extruded BRS305 whole sorghum flour presented resistant starch, condensed tannins, and phenolic compounds, which promote important antioxidant activity. Among the developed sorghum beverages, the strawberry-flavored was the most well sensorially accepted and, therefore, selected for an acute clinical study. The sorghum beverage increased GLP-1 and decreased the incremental area under the curve of insulin and the feeling of "hunger" by maintaining the glycemic and improving insulin response in the normoglycemic adults relative to the control beverage. The subjective sensations of "satisfaction" and "fullness" and the composite satiety score were higher at all points of time for the sorghum beverage. Germinated and extruded sorghum beverage presented good nutritional and sensory quality, and its acute consumption improved postprandial insulin and GLP-1 responses, enhanced satiety in normoglycemic adults.