During the overwintering production of lettuce in solar greenhouses, there exist a short duration of sunlight and low light intensity, which are detrimental to the growth and development of lettuce. Supplemental lighting is an effective solution to this issue. This study aims to explore the influence of adding different wavelengths of red light to white LEDs for supplemental lighting on the growth and photosynthesis of lettuce leaves in solar greenhouses. Four experimental zones were established, namely white LED + 630 nm (T1), white LED + 660 nm (T2), white LED + 690 nm (T3), and no supplemental lighting (CK). The results indicate that supplemental lighting significantly increased the plant height, leaf area, biomass, and root indices. The chlorophyll content measurements showed higher photosynthetic pigment levels in the treated plants, enhancing the net photosynthesis rate (Pn). Thus, the combination of red and white light provides a more comprehensive spectrum and enhances the photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves. Simultaneously, under supplemental lighting, the plant fluorescence parameters Y(II), Fv/Fm, qP, and ETR were significantly elevated. It was found from the chlorophyll fluorescence frequency distribution graph that the leftward shift in Y(II) in the control group (CK) indicated that it was in a state of weak light stress, but supplemental lighting effectively ameliorated this stress environment. Among the types of supplemental lighting, the combination of white LEDs with 660 nm red light provides the most significant improvement in the growth and photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce under winter greenhouse conditions, and this combination holds great application potential in winter greenhouse lettuce production.

The bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of plants facilitate the cycling of nutrient elements in the rhizosphere and regulate soil fertility. By analyzing the microecological structure of rhizosphere soil surrounding wild celery, we can provide a basis for the bionic cultivation of wild celery. In this experiment, rhizosphere soil samples from various wild celery varieties in Jilin Province were used as test materials, and high-throughput sequencing was employed to analyze and compare the rhizosphere bacterial community structures of these samples. After screening and removing chimeric sequences, a total of 1,020,108 high-quality sequences were obtained. Species classification results revealed that these bacteria encompassed 60 phyla, 183 classes, 431 orders, 702 families, and 1619 genera. There were certain differences in the composition and structure of bacterial communities among different rhizosphere soil samples. According to the richness indices, the performance order among samples was Tonghua water celery > Linjiang large-leaf celery > Linjiang old mountain celery > Tonghua large-leaf celery > Jiangyuan large-leaf celery > Tonghua old mountain celery > Linjiang water celery > artificially cultivated wild large-leaf celery > Huadian large-leaf celery > Huadian small-leaf celery > Dongfeng water celery > Jiangyuan old mountain celery. Among all bacterial communities, Pseudomonadota (37.79–22.48%) had the highest relative abundance across different regions, followed by Acidobacteriota (17.97–13.51%). RDA analysis indicated that soil pH, available phosphorus, available potassium, and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen in the celery rhizosphere were the primary factors influencing changes in bacterial communities. Based on the experimental analysis, it was demonstrated that there were differences in rhizosphere soil bacterial community diversity and composition among Tonghua large-leaf celery, Linjiang large-leaf celery, Jiangyuan large-leaf celery, Huadian large-leaf celery, Tonghua old mountain celery, Linjiang old mountain celery, Jiangyuan old mountain celery, Tonghua water celery, Linjiang water celery, Dongfeng water celery, Huadian small-leaf celery, and artificially cultivated wild large-leaf celery in Jilin Province.

Buckwheat microgreens are rich in nutrients and have a unique flavor that is favored by consumers. The light environment is closely related to the growth and development of the plant. In order to study the effects of treatments with different combinations of red and blue light on the edible organ morphology and nutritional quality of buckwheat microgreens, five experimental treatments were designed, with energy ratios of red light to blue light of 5:1 (R5B1), 3:1 (R3B1), 1:1 (R1B1), 1:3 (R1B3) and 1:5 (R1B5), respectively, and a white light treatment used as the control (CK). The results showed that different combination treatments of red and blue light had obvious effects on the growth of buckwheat microgreens. The hypocotyl length and main root length of buckwheat microgreens treated with a high proportion of red light (R5B1) were obviously higher than those of other treatment designs. However, contents of soluble protein, chlorophyll, rutin and total flavonoids in buckwheat microgreens showed an increasing trend with an increase in the proportion of blue light. Considering the fresh weight, dry weight and quality indexes of the edible organ, the combination of red light and blue light with a ratio of 1:1 was most suitable for buckwheat microgreen production. The results could provide a reference for the production of buckwheat microgreens.

To investigate the effects of varying degrees of shading on the photosynthetic characteristics of Spuriopinnella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag. experiments were conducted under five shading treatments: 0% (full sunlight), 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80%. The results demonstrated that shading significantly influenced plant growth and photosynthesis. Plant height, stem diameter, and leaf area in the control group (0% shading) were significantly greater than those in shaded treatments, although a 40% shading treatment notably increased the aboveground harvestable biomass, demonstrating greater potential for economic yield compared to the control. All shading treatments significantly enhanced the net photosynthetic rate of S. brachycarpa compared to the control; however, excessive shading (i.e., 80% shading) led to a reduction in the net photosynthetic rate, falling below that observed under full sunlight. The 40% shading treatment yielded the most substantial improvement in net photosynthetic rate. Shading also significantly enhanced the maximum quantum yield of PSII, facilitating improved use of light energy for photosynthesis while reducing energy dissipation as heat. Additionally, antioxidant activity in shaded plants was markedly higher than in the control, with the highest levels observed under 40% shading. These findings suggest that moderate shading, particularly at 40%, is optimal for improving photosynthetic efficiency, light energy utilization, and antioxidant activity in S. brachycarpa

Introduction: Spuriopinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag. is a nutritious wild vegetable, but its quality deteriorates during artificial cultivation due to soil condition alterations. Microbial fertilizers and soil amendments hold promise for improving cultivation outcomes, yet their combined effects remain under - explored.Methods: A field experiment was conducted with seven treatments, including a control (CK) and six combinations of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and earthworm polysaccharide. Plant samples were analyzed for yield, quality, and root architecture, while soil samples were tested for fertility and microbial community characteristics.Results: Treatments T3 (dual bacterial fertilizers) and T6 (dual bacterial fertilizers + soil amendment) significantly enhanced yield, nutritional quality, and root development. T6 also maintained high soil fertility and optimized the soil microbial community in terms of richness, diversity, and beneficial species abundance.Discussion: The positive effects of T3 and T6 are likely due to the synergy between the bacterial fertilizers and the soil amendment, which improves nutrient cycling, soil structure, and microbial functions. However, the study has limitations, such as the need for long - term research and more in - depth exploration of microbial functions.

Seeds of Spuriopinella brachycarpa (Kom.) Kitag., an economically valuable wild vegetable of the Apiaceae family, exhibit morphophysiological dormancy (MPD), which is characterized by underdeveloped embryos at dispersal, together with a physiological dormancy component that requires specific environmental cues for release. However, the endogenous chemical basis of this physiological component remains unclear. In this study, compounds associated with inhibitory activity were extracted from freshly harvested seeds using organic solvents of graded polarity (methanol, diethyl ether, petroleum ether, and ethyl acetate), and the inhibitory activity of each fraction was evaluated in heterologous bioassays using Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) seeds. The methanol-phase extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect, reducing the germination percentage by 83.40% relative to the water control, followed by the diethyl ether extract (45.34% reduction), whereas the petroleum ether and ethyl acetate extracts showed only weak effects. GC-MS profiling of the extracts identified 65 compounds, predominantly organic acids, ketones, phenols, esters, and monoterpenes. Based on their relative abundance and previously reported germination inhibitory activities, acetic acid, palmitic acid, benzaldehyde, and thymol were tentatively identified priority candidate compounds associated with inhibitory activity. All compound identities are putative assignments based on NIST library spectral matching (match score > 80%), and their associations with inhibitory activity are correlative rather than causal. These findings provide the first systematic chemical characterization of compounds associated with inhibitory activity in S. brachycarpa seeds and a biochemical basis for understanding the physiological component of MPD, while establishing practical candidate targets for developing seed priming formulations and dormancy-breaking techniques. Further verification using authentic standards and direct bioassays on S. brachycarpa embryos is required to confirm the causal roles of these compounds.