An approach to the synthesis of a new class of liquid crystalline (LC) compounds, dendrimers of regular structure with terminal mesogenic groups, was elaborated. LC dendrimers based on the carbosilane dendritic matrix of first generation were synthesized. Cyanobiphenyl, methoxyphenyl benzoate and cholesteryl groups were used as mesogenic fragments. Individuality and structure of all compounds obtained was proved by GPC together with ¹H- and ²⁹Si NMR methods. The mesomorphic behaviour and structure of the LC dendrimers synthesized were investigated. It is argued that different mesophases of the smectic type are realized in all cases. It is shown that the mesophase type of these compounds essentially depends on the chemical nature of the mesogenic groups.

After the appearance of the green chemistry concept, which was introduced in the chemistry vocabulary in the early 1990s, its main statements have been continuously developed and modified. Currently, there are 10–12 cornerstones that should form the basis for an ideal chemical process. This review analyzes the accumulated experience and achievements towards the design of chemical products and processes that reduce or eliminate the use or generation of hazardous substances. The review presents the views of leading Russian scientists specializing in various fields of this subject, including homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, fine and basic organic synthesis, electrochemistry, polymer chemistry, chemistry based on bio-renewable feedstocks and chemistry of energetic compounds and materials. A new approach to the quantitative evaluation of the environmental friendliness of processes developed by Russian authors is described. The bibliography includes 1761.