The number of studies on warm-up protocols has increased in recent years. However, there are very few studies that are specific to the population of female athletes and consist of a large number of participants. This study was designed to investigate the effects of 3 different warm-up protocols on sprinting performance in young female volleyball players. A total of 62 licensed female volleyball players aged 13-17 years participated voluntarily. There were 3 sessions in the study. The participants were randomly divided into a warm-up group (GWG), a dynamic stretch group (DSG) and a static stretch group (SSG). After completing the warm-up protocols, the groups underwent a 5-minute transition period. The 20-metre sprint performance test was then performed. Data analysis was performed with the Python programming language and IBM SPSS 26 software. Shapiro-Wilk and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and kurtosis and skewness checks were performed. The data were indicated to be normally distributed (p> 0,05). Repeated Measures Anova test was used to detect the differences and the significance level was chosen as α=0,05. When the results were examined, it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the GWG and SSG 20 meter sprint time values (p>0,05), whereas when the DSG and GWG and SSG 20 metre sprint time values were compared, it was found that the DSG group's sprint time improved statistically significantly (p

Vitamin D is an important molecule responsible for the development, contraction and regeneration of muscles, and activates its biological functions by means of its receptors, the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is a member of the nuclear receptor group. In the present study, we aimed to analyze the rs731236 distribution in Turkish rugby players. A total of 22 male players and 30 sedentary individuals (as a control group) participated in the study. Following DNA isolation, rs731236 polymorphisms of VDR was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT- PCR). Statistical analysis was carried out by chi-square test. CC, CT and TT genotype and percentage distributions for rs731236 polymorphism in players were as 5 (23%), 10 (45%) and 7 (32%), respectively. Allelic distributions were found to be 20 (45%) for C allele, and 24 (55%) for T allele. For the control group; CC, CT and TT genotypes and percentages were as 4 (13%), 17 (57%) and 9 (30%), respectively. C allele was counted as 25 (42%) and 35 (58%) for controls. When we compare athletes and control groups in the terms of genotypes, we detected no statistically significant difference (p= 0.12). For the allele comparison, we detected no significant difference between groups (p= 0.76). Determination of gene combinations in athletes is of great importance for carrying out of the optimal training programs. Therefore, we aimed to determine the distribution of the alleles related with athletic performance on successful athletes. In our cohort, the CT genotype and T allele were more intensely determined in players.

Due to the potential detrimental effects of static stretching exercises on subsequent muscle power performance, athletes and trainers have started to replace static stretching with dynamic stretching exercises in their training routines. However, there are no well-accepted guidelines regarding dynamic stretching variables, including tempo/velocity, volume (reps and sets), etc. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of slow, moderate, and fast tempo dynamic stretching exercises on jump height, relative power, the reactive strength index, and leg stiffness in well-trained male wrestlers. Seventeen wrestlers (aged 20.00 ± 4.06 years, wrestling experience 6.00 ± 3.09 years, and training volume per week 10.00 ± 5.69 hours) took part in the experiment under four conditions (control session, slow tempo dynamic stretching, moderate tempo dynamic stretching, and fast tempo dynamic stretching) on separate days with a 72-h interval in between, following a randomized, crossover study design. The control session consisted of a 10-min jog on a motor-driven treadmill at 6 km/h and a 0% slope. Dynamic stretching sessions consisted of seven dynamic stretching exercises performed at 50 bpm, 100 bpm, and 120 bpm, following a 5-min warm-up on a treadmill at 6 km/h and a 0% slope. After each condition, wrestlers performed a 2 x 30-s repeated vertical jump test with 5-min rest intervals in between. The best results for jump height, relative power, the reactive strength index, and leg stiffness were registered for statistical analysis. One-way repeated ANOVA results demonstrated that there were no significant differences in pairwise comparisons of all variables obtained after the four different conditions (p > 0.05). Overall, none of the slow, moderate, and fast tempo dynamic stretching exercises led to a change in repeated jump performance of well-trained male athletes. Further studies are needed to clarify the acute effects of different tempo dynamic stretching on muscular performance in well-trained wrestlers.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores and Sport Injury Anxiety Scale (SIAS) scores in male wrestlers. Materials and Methods: A total of 62 male wrestlers (age: 21.54 ± 3.69 years; weight: 77.75 ± 10.35 kg; height: 174.63 ± 7.36 cm; wrestling experience: 7.21 ± 2.03 years) were recruited from several wrestling clubs located in Istanbul and Edirne. Their FMS and SIAS scores were assessed using the Functional Movement Screen Test Kit and the Sport Injury Anxiety Scale, which was adapted into Turkish by Caz et al. (2019). Results: Spearman’s rank-order correlation analysis revealed no significant association between the total FMS and SIAS scores, nor between any of their subdimension scores. However, wrestlers with a history of injury demonstrated significantly lower FMS scores compared to those without prior injuries (13.70 ± 1.93 vs. 15.37 ± 1.82; U = 160.50, p < 0.001). Subdimension scores for Loss of Athleticism (U = 221.50, p = 0.017) and Loss of Social Support (U = 205.00, p = 0.006) were also significantly lower in wrestlers with a history of injury. Among wrestlers with prior injuries, there was a moderate to strong correlation between Loss of Athleticism, Loss of Social Support, and FMS scores. Conclusion: In wrestlers with a history of injury, either the FMS or SIAS may be used as alternative tools for predicting sports injuries. However, this does not appear to apply to wrestlers without prior injuries. Previous injury status may influence both FMS and SIAS scores. Therefore, coaches and researchers should take injury history into account before using the FMS or SIAS for screening or assessment purposes

Egzersiz, beslenme ve sağlık arasındaki ilişki, günümüzün en önemli bilimsel ve toplumsal konularından biridir. Hareketsiz yaşam biçimi, yetersiz beslenme ve çevresel etkenler; bireysel sağlığın yanı sıra toplumsal refahı da olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu kitap, “Egzersiz, Beslenme ve Sağlık: Bireysel ve Toplumsal Perspektifler” başlığıyla, fiziksel aktivite ve beslenmenin sağlık üzerindeki çok boyutlu etkilerini disiplinler arası bir bakış açısıyla ele almaktadır. Kitapta yer alan bölümler, farklı yaş ve yaşam dönemlerinde egzersizin ve beslenmenin fizyolojik, psikolojik ve toplumsal sonuçlarını bilimsel temellerle ortaya koymaktadır. Menopoz döneminde egzersizin önemi, çocuklarda fiziksel uygunluğun geliştirilmesi, probiyotiklerin sporcu beslenmesindeki rolü, egzersizin sigara ve e-sigara maruziyetine karşı koruyucu etkileri ve kardiyometabolik sağlık üzerindeki katkıları güncel araştırma bulguları ışığında tartışılmıştır. Bu eser, egzersiz biliminin performans odaklı sınırlarını aşarak, birey ve toplum sağlığının korunmasında güçlü bir araç olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Kitap, spor bilimleri, beslenme, fizyoloji ve sağlık alanlarında çalışan akademisyenlere, uygulayıcılara ve öğrencilere güvenilir bir başvuru kaynağı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bilimsel katkılarıyla eserin oluşumuna destek veren tüm yazar ve araştırmacılara teşekkür eder, kitabın alan yazına değerli bir katkı sağlamasını dilerim.

Egzersizin bilişsel fonksiyonlar üzerine etkileri sıklıkla araştırılan konu başlıklarından biri haline gelmiştir. Buna ek olarak değişen çevresel koşulların insan fizyolojisinde akut değişimler oluşturduğu göz önünde bulundurulduğunda su ortamında gerçekleştirilen egzersize olan yanıtlar merak konusudur. Bu çalışmada kadın profesyonel dalış sporcularının nefes tutma egzersizi sonrası yürütücü fonksiyon ve tepki süreleri değişimlerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmaya profesyonel serbest dalış branşından 7 sağlıklı kadın katılımcı dahil edilmiştir. Katılımcılara uygulanacak olan “2 N-Geri” görevinin öğretilmesi için familarizasyon oturumu, antropometrik ölçümler, maksimal nefes tutma kapasite testi, kara ve su ortamında bilişsel test skorlarının belirlenmesi için karada ve suda nefes tutma egzersiz oturumlarında ölçümler gerçekleştirilmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmeler için IBM SPSS 22 programı kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tekrarlayan ölçümlerde ANOVA kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p< 0.05 olarak belirlendi. 2 N-Geri testinin reaksiyon zamanı (RT) sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, karada nefes tutma egzersizinden hemen sonraki reaksiyon zamanlarının (x̄: 0.59 ± 0.14), kontrol koşulundaki reaksiyon zamanlarına (x̄: 0.47 ± 0.10) göre anlamlı düzeyde uzadığı görülmüştür (p 0.05). Ayrıca, katılımcıların reaksiyon süreleri ve doğru cevap sayıları arasındaki korelasyon analizinde, su koşulundaki egzersiz sonrası reaksiyon süreleri ve doğru cevap sayıları arasında anlamlı ve güçlü bir negatif korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Bu bulgular ışığında suda ve karada gerçekleştirilen nefes tutma egzersizlerinin akut olarak bilişsel fonksiyonları kontrol koşuluna kıyasla istatistiksel ılımlı düzeyde iyileştirdiği, reaksiyon sürelerinin kara koşulunda kontrol koşuluna göre anlamlı düzeyde geliştiği görülmüştür. One of the most commonly studied topics is the effects of exercise on cognitive function. Responses to exercise in aquatic environments are of interest given the acute changes that environmental conditions can cause in human physiology. This study aims to investigate the changes in executive function and reaction times of female professional divers after breath holding exercises. The study involved 7 healthy female participants who were engaged in professional free diving. The training sessions included acclimatization to the '2N Back Test', anthropometric measurements, maximum breath holding test and cognitive test results in land and water settings. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS 22. Repeated measures ANOVA was used for pairwise comparisons. The significance level was set at p<0.05. The reaction time results of the '2 N back test' showed that the reaction times (RT) immediately after the on-shore breathing exercise (x̄: 0.59 ± 0.14) were significantly reduced compared to the control condition (x̄: 0.47 ± 0.10) (p 0.05). Additionally, a significant strong negative correlation was found between reaction times and accuracy following water-based exercise (p<0.05). In conclusion, breath holding exercises performed in water and on land improved cognitive functions at a statistically moderate level compared to the control condition, and reaction times improved significantly in the land condition compared to the control condition.