The level of transduction efficiency of the target retinal cells affects the choice of AAV serotype and the outcome of gene replacement therapy for inherited retinal diseases. This study focused on the tropism and transduction efficiency of AAV2.7m8-, AAV5-, AAV8-, and AAV9-GFP in ARPE-19 and HEK293 cells. Fluorescence intensity was assessed bi-hourly by means of IncuCyte S3 live imaging microscopy. Within 12 h, AAV2.7m8 demonstrated the highest transduction efficiency at four viral concentrations of 1-, 3-, 6-, and 8 × 10⁴ VG/cell in a dose-dependent manner, followed by AAV5 in ARPE-19 and AAV9 in HEK293 cells. The transduction efficiency of AAV2.7m8 at a dose of 6 × 10⁴ VG/cell was 21, 202, and 323 times higher in ARPE-19 cells and 324, 100, and 52 times higher in HEK293 cells compared to AAV5, AAV8, and AAV9, respectively. This trend remained for 4 days at all viral concentrations, as additionally shown by flow cytometry. At a dose of 6 × 10⁴ VG/cell, AAV2.7m8 (97% GFP-positive cells, GFP +) was nearly two and 10 times as efficient as AAV5 (52% GFP+) and AAV9 or AAV8 (both 9%), respectively, in ARPE-19 cells. In HEK293 cells, 95% of AAV2.7m8-, 26% of AAV9-, 17% of AAV8-, and 12% of AAV5-transduced cells were GFP-positive.

Obesity is one of the most important health problems. Body weight can be controlled through a combination of a healthy diet and physical activity, but hypertrophic obesity is often complicated by other comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, hypertension and various forms of arthritis. If intense physical activity is contraindicated for patients, then alternative approaches to combat obesity can be developed. The discovery of beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue has attracted attention to their use as a target for therapy. There are molecules of various origin that are capable of modulating the formation of beige adipocytes by interacting with critical signaling cascades, leading to increased thermogenesis. One such approach would be to stimulate the transition of white adipose tissue cells into more catabolically active beige cells using nutrients and small molecule drugs.