Object detection has seen many changes in algorithms to improve performance both on speed and accuracy. By the continuous effort of so many researchers, deep learning algorithms are growing rapidly with an improved object detection performance. Various popular applications like pedestrian detection, medical imaging, robotics, self-driving cars, face detection, etc. reduces the efforts of humans in many areas. Due to the vast field and various state-of-the-art algorithms, it is a tedious task to cover all at once. This paper presents the fundamental overview of object detection methods by including two classes of object detectors. In two stage detector covered algorithms are RCNN, Fast RCNN, and Faster RCNN, whereas in one stage detector YOLO v1, v2, v3, and SSD are covered. Two stage detectors focus more on accuracy, whereas the primary concern of one stage detectors is speed. We will explain an improved YOLO version called YOLO v3-Tiny, and then its comparison with previous methods for detection and recognition of object is described graphically.

Computer vision technology for detecting objects in a complex environment often includes other key technologies, including pattern recognition, artificial intelligence, and digital image processing. It has been shown that Fast Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with You Only Look Once (YOLO) is optimal for differentiating similar objects, constant motion, and low image quality. The proposed study aims to resolve these issues by implementing three different object detection algorithms—You Only Look Once (YOLO), Single Stage Detector (SSD), and Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks (R-CNN). This paper compares three different deep-learning object detection methods to find the best possible combination of feature and accuracy. The R-CNN object detection techniques are performed better than single-stage detectors like Yolo (You Only Look Once) and Single Shot Detector (SSD) in term of accuracy, recall, precision and loss.