Lipid peroxidation, the most aggressive reaction in food, results in the formation of reactive organic compounds that detrimentally impact food sensory qualities and consumers’ health. While controlled lipid peroxidation can enhance flavors and appearance in certain foods, secondary peroxidation products lead to sensory deterioration in a variety of products, such as oils, alcoholic beverages, and meat. This publication reviews the use of modern analytical techniques for detecting and quantifying carbonyl compounds, i.e., secondary lipid peroxidation products. The paper focuses specifically on microextraction-based methods: dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas-diffusion microextraction (GDME). These techniques offer efficient and sensitive approaches to extracting and quantifying lipid oxidation products and contribute to the understanding of oxidative deterioration in various food products. The review outlines recent advancements, challenges, and limitations in these microextraction techniques, as well as emphasizes the potential for further innovation and improvement in the field of food analysis.

The number of new psychoactive substances (NSP) is continuously growing, completely changing the recreational drug market. Of this wide variety of new substances, a great emphasis is placed on synthetic cathinones. These drugs are known as "bath salts" and appeared on the market as legal substitutes for illicit substances, such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) or cocaine. The use of these substances is often considered harmless, but has actually been linked to several cases of toxicity and deaths. Most toxicological studies to date involve the use of liver or brain in vitro models, with little toxicological information on renal damage. The kidney is one of the excretory organs of these drugs and is therefore exposed to toxicity, this work covers the preliminary study of nephrotoxicity caused by cathinones. For this, a model of human kidney cells (the immortalized cell line HK-2) was exposed for 24h to a wide range of concentrations (0.01-10 mM) of two synthetic cathinones (methylone and MDPV) and the cytotoxicity was evaluated by the assay of reduction of MTT.