El paradigma cualitativo de investigación se presenta en la salud como una orientación que profundiza en la subjetividad de los individuos, con quienes interactúa para obtener mayor conocimiento de estos y de los fenómenos y conductas que los atañen.La entrevista se enmarca dentro del quehacer cualitativo como una herramienta eficaz para desentrañar significaciones, las cuales fueron elaboradas por los sujetos mediante sus discursos, relatos y experiencias. De esta manera se aborda al sujeto en su individualidad e intimidad. Por esto, el texto tiene como objetivo establecer una guía práctica y necesaria para la consecución correcta de entrevistas en el área de la investigación cualitativa en salud. Así, también presentan los pasos y técnicas necesarias para lograrlo.

There has not been much study of risk profiles in older people according to different levels of practice in physical activity. For this reason, the aim of this research was to evaluate whether the elements that influence the quality of life and factors such as gender and education can predict the level of physical activity in the physically active elderly population. The Fernández–Ballesteros quality of life questionnaire and the WHO International Physical Activity Questionnaire were applied to a sample of 397 people with a mean age of 69.65 years (SD = 4.71). The results revealed the following predictive factors of practicing a low level of physical activity (p < 0.05): being a woman; having a low educational level; and low scores in activity and leisure and in functional skills. In conclusion, gender, education, functional skills, activity and leisure, and health are elements of quality of life that predict the level of physical activity performed by the elderly, where it is necessary to use leisure activities (visiting friends, playing games, running errands) as an indirect way to increase participation in physical activity.

Chile is one of the world’s most seismically active regions and is therefore extensively studied by the earthquake sciences. The great length of the country hosts a variety of measurement systems allowing for the characterization of earthquake processes over a wide range of timescales and in different phases of the seismic cycle. Starting in the early 1990s, several research groups began to deploy continuously operating geodetic networks in Chile, forming the core of the modern network of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) receivers used to monitor geodynamics from the southern tip of the Americas to the central Andes. Today, the Centro Sismológico Nacional (CSN) of the Universidad de Chile maintains and improves this network, increasing its coverage and spatial density while greatly reducing solution latency. We present the status of the GNSS network, its data streams, and the real‐time analysis system used to support real‐time modeling of earthquakes. The system takes 2 s, on average, to collect raw data, estimate positions, and stream results. Such low latency is essential to enabling early warning of earthquakes and tsunamis in Chile.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify which anthropometric measurement (body mass index [BMI], waist circumference [WC], or waist-to-height ratio [WHtR]) is a better predictor of type 2 diabetes and hypertension in the Chilean population. Methods: The study included 13 044 participants (59.7% women) from the Chilean National Health Surveys conducted in 2003, 2009–2010, and 2016–2017. BMI, WC, and WHtR were the anthropometric measurements evaluated. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg or on medication for hypertension. Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥7 mmol/L or on medication for diabetes. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve and the area under curve (AUC) were computed to derive the specificity and sensitivity using a bootstrapping approach. Results: Compared with BMI and WC, WHtR was the anthropometric measurement with the highest AUC curve in both sexes for hypertension (AUC for women: 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67–0.73; AUC for men: 0.71; 95% CI, 0.69–0.74) and diabetes (AUC for women: 0.71; 95% CI, 0.66–0.77; AUC for men: 0.71; 95% CI, 0.67–0.76). The sex-specific cutoff points of WHtR to predict hypertension were 0.59 and 0.55 for women and men, respectively. Those used to predict diabetes were 0.60 and 0.58 for women and men, respectively. Conclusion: WHtR was a better predictor of hypertension and diabetes than BMI and WC in Chile. The definition of cutoff points specific for the Chilean population could be implemented in future screening programs aiming to identify high-risk individuals.

La fragilidad ha sido diagnosticada mediante el uso de diferentes criterios; uno de los más comunes es el fenotipo de Fried³, el que se basa en cinco componentes para definir esta condición (fuerza muscular, marcha, agotamiento, pérdida de peso y fatiga crónica), asociándose a un mayor riesgo de caídas, hospitalizaciones, discapacidad e incremento en el riesgo de mortalidad⁴.