The aim of the study is to compare CT enterography with polyethylene glycol solution (PEG-CT) with CT enteroclysis (CT-E) in patients with suspected small bowel disease. 145 patients underwent abdominal contrast-enhanced 16-row multidetector CT after administration of 2000 ml of PEG by mouth (n = 75) or after administration of 2000 ml of methylcellulose by nasojejunal tube (n = 70). Small bowel distension, luminal and extraluminal findings were evaluated and compared with small bowel follow-through examination in 60 patients, double contrast enema in 50, surgery in 25 and endoscopy in 35. Statistical evaluation was carried out by χ² testing. For both techniques we have also calculated the effective dose and the equivalent dose in a standard patient. Crohn's disease was diagnosed in 64 patients, neoplasms in 16, adhesions in 6. Distension of the jejunum was better with CT-E than PEG-CT (p0.05). Evaluation of pathological ileal loops was good with both techniques. The values of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were respectively 94%, 100% and 96% with CT-E, and 93%, 94% and 93% with PEG-CT. The effective dose for PEG-CT was less than the dose for the CT-E (34.7 mSv vs 39.91 mSv). PEG-CT shows findings of Crohn's disease as well as CT-E does, although CT-E gives better bowel distension, especially in the jejunum, and has higher specificity than PEG-CT.

To prospectively assess contrast material-enhanced voiding ultrasonography (US) for grading of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) and to compare results with those of voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) in adult patients undergoing antireflux ureteral implantation. Thirty-seven consecutive adult patients who had undergone renal transplantation with Politano-Leadbetter (18 patients) or Lich-Gregoire (19 patients) technique were included on the basis of previous urinary tract infections (UTIs) and time elapsed after renal transplantation. Exclusion criterion was current UTI. US was performed by one of two sonologists with injection of saline and microbubble suspension and was recorded on videotape. Sonologists assigned VUR diagnosis in consensus after videotape review. VCUG was performed by one of two radiologists immediately after US. Radiologists were blinded to US findings and assigned VCUG diagnoses in consensus. Contingency table was used to compare US and VCUG. Agreement between US and VCUG was determined with kappa statistics. With VCUG, VUR was diagnosed in 15 patients and not diagnosed in 22 patients. US and VCUG results were in agreement in 14 patients with VUR and 21 patients without VUR. US sensitivity and specificity for detection of VUR were 93% (14 true-positive results in 15 abnormal cases) and 95% (21 true-negative results in 22 normal cases), respectively. Agreement between US and VCUG was 95% (kappa = 0.89, P <.001). In 11 of 14 patients, VUR grades were in agreement for US and VCUG. In three of 14 patients, US indicated a higher grade than did VCUG. VUR was diagnosed in seven of 18 Politano-Leadbetter cases and eight of 19 Lich-Gregoire cases. A high rate of agreement was seen between voiding US and VCUG.