Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections often present as acute hepatitis with prodromal symptoms. These infections, transmitted via the oral–enteral route, constitute significant public health challenges, particularly in developing countries with subpar sanitary systems. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, and outcomes of hepatitis A and hepatitis E infections in Thailand. We conducted a retrospective chart review and analysis of 152 patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis A or hepatitis E from January 2007 to August 2018 at Siriraj Hospital. The hepatitis E cohort was older with a greater prevalence of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, chronic hepatitis B, and post-kidney transplantation status) than the hepatitis A cohort. While the majority of hepatitis A patients presented with fever (98%) and jaundice (96%), these symptoms were less pronounced in hepatitis E patients. Furthermore, hepatitis A patients exhibited significantly higher aminotransferase and total bilirubin levels. However, clinical outcomes, such as hospitalization rates, progression to acute liver failure, and mortality, were comparable across both groups. In conclusion, although the clinical manifestations of hepatitis A and hepatitis E were similar, fever and jaundice were more prevalent and aminotransferase and bilirubin levels were higher in the HAV-infected group.

Anxiety and depression in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Thailand during the first wave of the pandemic were investigated. Thai version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was chosen as an instrument for evaluation. Thirty-two voluntary participants completed the questionnaire. Three (9.4%) respondents had abnormal anxiety sub-scale scores while no respondents had abnormal depression sub-scale scores. There was no statistical demographic difference between the anxiety and non-anxiety groups.

DOminant-TArgeted Boost in Localized Prostate Cancer (DOTA-2) is a phase II randomised controlled trial comparing two ultra-hypofractionated radiotherapy with dominant intraprostatic lesion (DIL) boost: 26 Gy/2F, 32 Gy to DIL vs 36.25 Gy/5F, 40 Gy to DIL, without androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), for prostate cancer. Patients with low- to favourable-intermediate-risk prostate cancer were randomly assigned to receive either 2 fractions or 5 fractions. Magnetic resonance-guided adaptive radiotherapy (MRgART) was delivered using the Unity® MR-Linac with the adapt-to-shape workflow for every fraction. The primary endpoint was cumulative grade ≥2 acute genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. Secondary endpoints included quality of life in the urinary and sexual domains. An interim analysis of acute GU and GI toxicities was conducted on the first 22 patients from the total planned cohort of 44. Patients were randomly assigned to either the 2-fraction (N = 10) or 5-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) (N = 12), stratified by risk group, prostate volume, and DIL location. The median follow-up time was 16 weeks. The cumulative worst acute grade ≥2 GU toxicity was reported in 2/10 (20%) patients in the 2-fraction group vs 4/12 (33.3%) in the 5-fraction group (P = 0.48), with no cases of grade ≥3 acute GU toxicity. No grade ≥2 acute GI toxicity was observed in either arm. The two groups had no significant difference in International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores. Two-fraction SBRT with a DIL boost, delivered using MRgART without ADT, demonstrated acceptable acute GU and GI toxicity in this interim analysis, suggesting the feasibility of continuing the investigation.

Recurrent cervical cancer remains a therapeutic challenge despite advances in primary treatment. The emerging paradigm of oligorecurrence and oligometastasis has opened avenues for curative-intent local therapies, including re-irradiation. Modern radiotherapy techniques have enabled high-dose delivery with acceptable toxicity. This study aims to assess clinical outcomes and treatment-related toxicities in patients with oligorecurrent or oligometastatic cervical cancer treated with modern re-irradiation techniques. This retrospective study included 20 cervical cancer patients with oligorecurrence or synchronous/metachronous oligometastases (≤ 5 lesions) who underwent at least one course of re-irradiation. Survival outcomes including locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Genitourinary (GU), gastrointestinal (GI), and hematologic toxicities were assessed and graded based on CTCAE version 5.0. The median age was 53 years (range: 33–70), with 75% initially diagnosed at FIGO 2018 stage III. The predominant histologies were squamous cell carcinoma (50%) and adenocarcinoma (45%). Recurrences most commonly involved pelvic (30%) and para-aortic (30%) lymph nodes, with 50% occurring in-field. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and MR-guided adaptive brachytherapy (MR-GABT) were the most commonly used re-irradiation modalities, employed in 95% of patients. Median times to first and second recurrence were 11.1 months (IQR: 6.0–17.3) and 13.7 months (IQR: 5.6–21.7), respectively. At a median follow-up of 33.6 months, PFS, LRRFS, DMFS, and OS rates after the first recurrence were were 31.8%, 33.6%, 60.5%, and 84.2% respectively. Grade ≥ 2 genitourinary (GU), gastrointestinal (GI), and hematologic toxicities were observed in 40%, 25%, and 55% of patients, respectively. Grade 3 hematologic toxiciy was 25% and mostly occurred during chemotherapy administration. No grade ≥ 3 GU or GI toxicities were reported. The mean accumulated D0.03 cc after re-irradiation to bladder, rectum, sigmoid and bowel for in-fied/out-of-field were 83.8 ± 6.7/78.5 ± 7.5), 71.2 ± 3.9/69.5 ± 5.2, 68.0 ± 5.5/61.0 ± 5.3, and 62.9 ± 4.6/62.4 ± 7.1 GyEQD2(3), respectively. Re-irradiation with contemporary radiotherapy techniques appears to be a feasible and effective salvage option for selected patients with limited recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer, yielding favorable survival and acceptable toxicity profiles.