Background and Objectives: Uveitis, a prevalent eye disorder characterized by inflammatory processes, often leads to cataract formation and significant visual impairment. This study aimed to evaluate preoperative conditions and postoperative outcomes following cataract surgery in uveitis patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the University Hospital Center Rebro Zagreb, Croatia, involving uveitis patients who underwent cataract surgery between 2013 and 2022. Eligible patients had uveitic cataracts affecting visual acuity or posterior segment visualization in a “quiet eye” and were disease-inactive for at least three months. Patients with certain pre-existing ocular conditions were excluded. The data collected included patient demographics, uveitis type, preoperative therapy, preexisting lesions, and postoperative outcomes such as visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central macular thickness, and complications. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with complications. Results: This study included 105 patients. The most common uveitis types were idiopathic uveitis, HLA-B27-associated uveitis, and JIA uveitis. After cataract surgery, there was a significant improvement in visual acuity at various time points, with 90% of eyes showing improvement. Intraocular pressure decreased over time. Central macular thickness increased at three months post-surgery but remained stable thereafter. Early and late complications were observed in 52.4% and 63.8% of eyes, respectively. The most common complications were posterior capsular opacification (53.3%), macular edema (26.6%), and epiretinal membrane formation (9.52%). The factors associated with complications varied between early and late stages but included age, age at the onset of uveitis, and the uveitis type. Conclusions: In patients with quiescent uveitis undergoing cataract surgery, significant visual improvement was achieved. This study highlights the importance of careful patient selection, preoperative and postoperative inflammation management, and precise surgical techniques. Although complications were common, the risk of capsular opacification, macular edema, and epiretinal membrane formation after surgery increased. However, future investigations should address this study’s limitations and further refine perioperative strategies.

Background and Objectives: Uveitis, a prevalent eye disorder characterized by inflammatory processes, often leads to cataract formation and significant visual impairment. This study aimed to evaluate preoperative conditions and postoperative outcomes following cataract surgery in uveitis patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the University Hospital Center Rebro Zagreb, Croatia, involving uveitis patients who underwent cataract surgery between 2013 and 2022. Eligible patients had uveitic cataracts affecting visual acuity or posterior segment visualization in a "quiet eye" and were disease-inactive for at least three months. Patients with certain preexisting ocular conditions were excluded. Data collected included patient demographics, uveitis type, preoperative therapy, preexisting lesions, and postoperative outcomes such as visual acuity, intraocular pressure, central macular thickness, and complications. Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors associated with complications. Results: The study included 105 patients. After cataract surgery, there was a significant improvement in visual acuity at various time points, with 90% of eyes showing improvement. Intraocular pressure decreased over time. Central macular thickness increased at three months post-surgery but remained stable thereafter. Early and late complications were observed in 52.4% and 63.8% of eyes, respectively. The most common complications were posterior capsular opacification, macular edema, and epiretinal membrane. Factors associated with complications varied between early and late stages but included age, age at onset of uveitis, and uveitis type. Conclusion: Cataract surgery in uveitis patients presents challenges but can lead to significant visual improvement. This study highlights the importance of careful patient selection, preoperative and postoperative inflammation management, and precise surgical techniques. Although complications were common, they were manageable, and most patients experienced improved vision, emphasizing the benefits of cataract surgery in this population. However, future investigations should address the study's limitations and further refine perioperative strategies.

Purpose: To evaluate the postoperative outcomes of cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation on visual outcomes and complications in pediatric patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis-Associated Uveitis. Methods: This study included 25 patients (30 eyes) with uveitis and cataracts who underwent cataract surgery. The study was conducted as a retrospective study. Patients were divided into two groups based on their preoperative treatment: those who received immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) along with systemic corticosteroids and those who received IMT in combination with a biologic therapy. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CMT), macular volume (MV), and postoperative complications were assessed at various time points up to 12 months. All surgeries were performed by a single surgeon. Results: Significant improvement in BCVA were observed postoperatively in both study groups, with approximately 80% of eyes showing improvement. Mean BCVA improved from 0.89 ± 0.63 to 0.37 ± 0.33 in group 1and from 0.82 ± 0.68 to 0.35 ± 0.31 in group 2 after 12 months. Postoperatively, there was a decrease in mean IOP, with no significant variance observed between the two groups. Complications were observed in 73% of cases, including posterior capsular opacification (PCO), secondary glaucoma, and macular edema (ME), but did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusion: Cataract surgery in children with uveitis associated with JIA presents significant challenges due to the risk of postoperative complications, even with adequate preoperative and postoperative care. The similar improvement in BCVA observed in both groups suggests that different systemic therapies were sufficient for satisfactory control of inflammation before and after surgery.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of life of newly generated monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in patients diagnosed with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IEM) following phacovitrectomy. Methods: In this prospective study, 42 patients with IEM and cataract underwent pars plana vitrectomy. They were divided into the ICB00 group (21 patients) and the ZCB00 group (21 patients). Data collected before and after the surgery were compared between the two groups, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), vision-related quality of life (VRQOL), intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity (CS), and central macular thickness (CMT). Results: The preoperative characteristics of the two groups showed no significant differences. However, at the 6-month follow-up after surgery, there were significant improvements in UDVA (p < 0.001), UIVA (p < 0.001), VRQOL (p < 0.001), CS (p < 0.001), and CMT (p < 0.001) compared to baseline. Notably, the Eyhance ICB00 group showed a significantly higher UCIVA value at 6 months post-surgery when compared to the Tecnis ZCB00 group (p = 0.001), while other parameters did not show significant differences between the groups. Conclusion: The Eyhance IOL significantly improved both intermediate and distance visual acuity, with no notable difference in quality of life or CS compared to the Tecnis ZCB00 IOL after IEM removal. It appears to be a favorable choice for combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery, offering enhanced vision for daily tasks and a promising alternative to traditional monofocal IOLs.

Diabetes mellitus is characterized by progressive vascular injury affecting both the microcirculation and large arteries. Diabetic retinopathy is a major microvascular complication and has been associated in observational studies with several carotid vascular phenotypes, including increased carotid intima-media thickness, focal plaque burden, arterial stiffness, plaque vulnerability markers, and, in selected cohorts, carotid stenosis. However, these carotid endpoints differ in measurement protocol, biological meaning, and prognostic implications, and most available evidence is cross-sectional. Retinal imaging modalities, including optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography, provide quantitative measures such as vessel density, foveal avascular-zone size, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness, and choroidal thickness that may parallel systemic vascular injury, but validated thresholds for carotid disease detection have not been established. Shared mechanisms, including chronic hyperglycemia, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and hypoxia-driven angiogenic signaling, may contribute to both retinal and carotid abnormalities; insulin resistance is particularly relevant to type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, whereas diabetes duration and glycemic exposure are central across diabetes types. This narrative review therefore summarizes the associations between retinal microvascular changes and specific carotid vascular changes, while emphasizing that many findings may be influenced by shared risk factors and that most studies show association rather than causation or proven clinical utility. Current evidence supports multidisciplinary awareness and comprehensive cardiovascular risk-factor management in people with diabetes, but it does not yet justify retinal findings or OCTA metrics as validated triggers for screening asymptomatic patients with carotid ultrasonography. Prospective studies are needed to show whether combined retinal and carotid assessment improves diagnosis, risk prediction, cost-effectiveness, and patient outcomes before it can be recommended as a routine screening strategy.