Motivation in medical students is positively associated with learning strategies. However, the evidence of a direct relationship between motivation and performance is vague. The objective of this study is to determine if the motivation that pushed students to choose the medical career is associated with their academic performance during their university years. The study was conducted in 4,290 medical students from 10 countries in Latin America. The “Attribution Scale of General Achievement Motivation” was used to evaluate their general performance. The “Medical motivation Scale” test was used to measure social, altruist, economic, and prestige motivators. For statistical analyses, frequencies and percentages were described, and generalized linear models were used to establish statistical associations. Fifty percent of the students surveyed were females and the mean student age was 21 years old. This study showed that male students had a higher social/altruist motivation (PR:1.11,95%CI: 1.03–1.18; p<0,01) than females. Those who had familial pressure had a lower social/altruist motivation (PR:0.17,95%CI:0.08–0.36; p<0,001). The positive vocational test was associated with a higher social/altruist motivation (PR:1.85,95%CI:1.03–3.30; p<0,05). Moreover, good grades at school were related with a higher economical/prestige motivation (PR:1.39,95%CI:1.05–1.83; p<0,05), but lower social/altruist motivation (PR:0.85,95%CI:0.74–0.98; p<0,05) and academic performance (PR:0.63,95%CI:0.50–0.79; p<0,001). We found a higher frequency in the general motivation was associated to a lowest social/altruist motivation (PR: 0.57; CI95%: 0.46–0.70; p<0.001), and that it increased according to the year of study (PR: 1.15; CI95%: 1.03–1.28; p:0.013) and was higher when pressure by the family was present (PR: 1.36; CI95%: 1.17–1.59; p<0.001). This study indicated that male medical students and having a positive vocational test were associated with a higher social/altruist motivation. Conversely, those who had familial pressure and good grades at school had a lower social/altruist motivation. Is necessary to conduct further studies that assess other factors related to motivation as demographics, personality, and learning styles.

Background: Breast cancer is among the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) women, but a comprehensive and updated analysis of mortality trends is lacking. The objective of this study was to determine the breast cancer mortality rates between 1997 and 2017 for LAC countries and predict mortality until 2030. Methods: We retrieved breast cancer deaths across 17 LAC countries from the World Health Organization mortality database. Age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 women-years were estimated. Mortality trends were evaluated with Joinpoint regression analyses by country and age group (all ages, < 50 years, and ≥ 50 years). By 2030, we predict number of deaths, mortality rates, changes in population structure and size, and the risk of death from breast cancer. Results: Argentina, Uruguay, and Venezuela reported the highest mortality rates throughout the study period. Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua reported the largest increases (from 2.4 to 2.8% annually), whereas Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay reported downward trends (from − 1.0 to − 1.6% annually). In women < 50y, six countries presented downward trends and five countries showed increasing trends. In women ≥ 50y, three countries had decreased trends and ten showed increased trends. In 2030, increases in mortality are expected in the LAC region, mainly in Guatemala (+ 63.0%), Nicaragua (+ 47.3), El Salvador (+ 46.2%), Ecuador (+ 38.5%) and Venezuela (+ 29.9%). Conclusion: Our findings suggest considerable differences in breast cancer mortality across LAC countries by age group. To achieve the 2030 sustainable developmental goals, LAC countries should implement public health strategies to reduce mortality by breast cancer.

Introducción: La calidad de atención y satisfacción del usuario en un servicio de emergencia se ha convertido en una preocupación prioritaria para los pacientes. En especial porque el sistema de salud no abastece lo suficiente a los establecimientos públicos para brindar una atención de calidad y obtener una satisfacción del usuario. Objetivo: Establecer la relación entre la calidad de atención y satisfacción del usuario en un Servicio de Emergencia de un Hospital del Seguro Social. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal con una muestra de 400 pacientes en un Servicio de Emergencia del Seguro Social de la region sur del Perú; se utilizaron como instrumentos el cuestionario SERVPERF y el elaborado por Feletti G, Firman D y Sansón-Fisher R para medir las variables. Los datos fueron presentados mediante tablas y gráficos. Resultados: Las dimensiones de la calidad de atención como fiabilidad, capacidad de respuesta, seguridad, empatía y aspectos tangibles, se encontró que el 49.25%, 67%, 72.25%, 54.25% y 55.75% estuvo de acuerdo con la atención brindada, respectivamente. En la variable satisfacción del usuario el 50.25% de usuarios estuvieron de acuerdo. Por otro lado, la relación entre las variables mediante Rho de Spearman fue 0.8590 con un p<0.05, es estadísticamente significativo. Conclusiones: Se encontró que existe una relación positiva moderada y estadísticamente significativa entre la calidad de atención y satisfacción del usuario.

Background/Objectives: Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under five in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of caregiver-reported ARI symptoms and identify independent risk factors among Peruvian children under five using a nationally representative survey. Methods: We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study using the 2022 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) of Peru. Children under five with complete data were included. ARI symptoms were defined from the standardized DHS/ENDES question asking whether the child had a cough in the preceding two weeks. Analyses accounted for the complex survey design (weights, strata, primary sampling units). Associations were evaluated using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Among 6299 children under five, the prevalence of caregiver-reported ARI symptoms was 38.5%. After multivariable adjustment, male sex (adjusted PR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00–1.14; p = 0.04) and age 1 to <3 years (adjusted PR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.09–1.27; p < 0.001) and 3 to <5 years (adjusted PR: 1.14; 95% CI: 1.05–1.24; p = 0.001) were associated with higher prevalence compared with infants <1 year. Wealth quintile, maternal education, and low birth weight were not independently associated with ARI symptoms. Conclusions: Caregiver-reported ARI symptoms remain highly prevalent among Peruvian children under five. Sex- and age-specific differences highlight the need for context-sensitive prevention, caregiver education, and efficient resource allocation within nationally representative, survey-informed child-health strategies.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of disability among industrial workers worldwide, often resulting from excessive physical and mental workload. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MSDs and their correlation with workload including physical and mental dimensions among industrial workers in the cleaning and ballasting division of a Peruvian shipyard.Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in 2023 among 100 workers selected from a population of 134. Workload was assessed using a validated questionnaire covering physical and mental dimensions, while MSDs were evaluated with the standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics summarized the prevalence of workload and MSDs, and the relationship between variables was analyzed using Spearman's correlation coefficient, considering a significance threshold of p < 0.05.Results: High workload was identified in 85% of workers, with both physical and mental workload dimensions reaching high levels in the same proportion. The prevalence of severe MSDs was 88%, affecting primarily the wrist/hand, neck, shoulder, lumbar region, and elbow/forearm. A strong and statistically significant positive correlation was found between overall workload and MSDs (Spearman's rho = 0.896, p < 0.001). Similar correlations were observed for the physical (rho = 0.834) and mental (rho = 0.896) workload dimensions.Conclusion: Severe musculoskeletal disorders are highly prevalent among industrial workers exposed to substantial physical and mental workload. The strong correlations observed highlight the need for comprehensive occupational health strategies that address both ergonomic and psychosocial risk factors to reduce the burden of MSDs in industrial settings.