The current political, social, and economic conditions place, more than ever, the need to sustainably supply nutrients for plants, integrating low-impact, crop-adapted, variable-rate-application fertilizer solutions, at the center of attention. Fertilization plans should be based on the monitoring of soil fertility to address the proper rate of fertilizer application along with the development of techniques able to increase nutrient uptake efficiency. Monitoring and modelling analysis of the effects of agronomic management in different pedoclimatic conditions can provide several advantages, that include higher nutrient efficiency, increase in plant growth and yield, decreased fertilization costs, increased profit, reduced environmental impact. This approach should enter into a framework of precision farming methodologies for the distribution of nutrients adopted at different levels (region, farm, field, plot), to obtain the maximum efficiency of inputs.