Photovoltaic (PV) plants operating under the partial shade condition show an imbalance in the array irradiance and produce less output power. To counteract this problem, reconfigurable PV array or dynamic PV array (DPVA) for changing the inter‐connections of PV modules to balance the irradiance distribution has been proposed previously. This study introduces a new strategy, the maximum and minimum (M ² ) algorithm, to identify global maximum irradiance configuration with a minimal number of interchanges among the PV modules. For the implementation of DPVA, this study introduces a double pole double throw (DPDT) switch network (SN) with less switch‐count compared to a conventional SN. Simulations of PV array have been carried out on a 9 × 9 size PV array. Results are compared with the previously reported algorithms. Further, cost–benefit analysis of a 10 kW _P grid‐tied DPVA plant has been presented. Experimental tests on 4 × 2 size DPVA under different shade conditions are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm and DPDT SN.

Statistics focus on Generating Capacities, Transmission and Distribution. But consumer and his demand for power sourceare crucial for Electrical system and its sustenance. In fact, there is less or no study to predict consumer demand. Their behavi our is hardly understood through load forecasting. A Distribution feeder connects all consumers -poor to rich, rural to suburban then to urban, low demand agriculture to high demand industries etc. Present paper is intended to study domestic consumer covering all socioeconomic geographical sections. A Survey has been carried out to cover all parts of Goa state, India. A Pre-defined survey format, awareness to volunteers, door to door survey, hourly log of consumption etc form parts of it. This study has revealed and created inputs to Electrical Load Online Census, load dynamics like fields

Tracing current vs. voltage curve is an important part of the documentation of a Photovoltaic (PV) system to comply to the IEC 62446 standard. In order to get the high accuracy, the PV array would be subjected to an unspecified and large number of voltage perturbations often using specialized measuring instruments. In this paper, we explain how to minimize the tracing-time by performing a pre-defined and small number of perturbations without using specialized equipment yet still document the PV working condition. Instead, the existing PV maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used to perform the test. The proposed approach could also be useful to some PV techniques like Dynamic PV reconfiguration, where a minimal information about the quantity of healthy and faulty modules working condition is desired to determine internal solar array module connections.