The aim of our study is to investigate digital game addiction and aggression levels of secondary school students according to some independent variables. The study group of the research includes total 279 secondary school students, 143 female 136 male with 13.89±.497 age average, studying at a public school in Esenyurt, Istanbul. The scale of aggression developed by Gultekin (2008) and the scale of digital game addiction in children developed by Hazar and Hazar (2017) were used as data collection tools in the study. When the findings of the research are examined, it can be stated that students are in a risky group in digital game addiction and they tend to display aggressive behaviours. Statistically significant differences in aggression scale and digital game addiction scale (p <0.05) were detected according to gender, cases of family’s limiting the time of playing digital game, family’s supporting to participate physical activity, doing sport, digital game playing time, and the place where digital game is played. In correlation analysis, there is a significant positive high correlation between aggression and digital gaming addiction scale. In conclusion, it has been concluded that digital game addiction and aggression levels of the children of parents, who do not limit the duration of their children’s playing digital game, children not participating physical activity, not doing sport regularly, and playing digital game for a long time were found to be high.

Mental toughness (MT), anxiety, and sport imagery (SI) are characteristics that are effective in the ups and downs of athletes’ lives. The fact that these three characteristics, which have a direct effect on the performance of athletes (especially elite athletes), have not been examined by structural equation modeling in the literature to the best of our knowledge has led to the need for this study. The present study investigates the relationship between MT, anxiety levels, and SI skills among elite athletes in the 19–26 age group. A total of 407 elite athletes (143 females and 264 males) actively competing participated in the study, which was conducted within the framework of a correlational research model. Data were collected using the Mental Toughness Scale (MTS), the Sports Imagery Inventory (SII) and Anxiety subscale of the Emotion in Sport Scale (ESS). The theoretical model proposed to examine the effects of MT on SI and anxiety was tested using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). It was found that the fit indices of the model established in the study gave a good fit, and the coefficients obtained were statistically significant (p <.05). The study revealed that athletes with higher MT had lower levels of anxiety and anxiety had a negative effect on SI skills (p <.05). Moreover, athletes with higher MT show high levels of SI abilities (p <.05). The present study suggests that training programs aimed at improving SI skills may also contribute to the development of MT.

Bu çalışmanın amacı Sporcuların antrenörlerinden algıladıkları etik dışı davranış algısına göre saldırganlık ve öfke davranışları incelenerek bir takım bağımsız değişkenlere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını araştırmaktır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak sporda saldırganlık ve öfke ölçeği ile antrenörün etik dışı davranışları ile ilgili sporcu algısı ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde ise betimsel istatistikler, t testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA), Tukey çoklu karşılaştırma, Pearson korelasyon testleri kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda saldırganlık ve öfke boyutu ile antrenörlerin etik dışı davranış algısı ile ilgili sporcu algısı ölçeği toplam puanı arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Millilik durumlarına göre anlamlı farklılık görülmemiştir. Saldırganlık alt boyutu cinsiyete anlamlı farklılık görülmezken, erkek sporcuların öfke düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Antrenörlerin etik dışı davranış algısı ile ilgili sporcu algısı ölçeği toplam puanında ise cinsiyete göre anlamlı farklılık saptanamamıştır. Takım sporcularının saldırganlık ve öfke puanlarının ve antrenörlerin etik dışı davranış algısı ile ilgili sporcu algısı ölçeği toplam puanının daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Tecrübesiz sporcuların saldırganlık düzeyleri daha yüksektir. Ayrıca yaşça büyük sporcuların antrenörlerinden algıladıkları etik dışı davranış algısı yaşça küçük sporculara göre daha fazladır. Sonuç olarak, sporcuların algıladıkları etik dışı davranış algısı arttıkça saldırganlık eylemlerinin ve öfke hislerinin attığı söylenebilir.

Araştırmanın amacı amatör lig futbolcuların güdüsel iklim ve karar verme stilleri ile sporda ahlaktan uzaklaşma düzeylerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 228 futbolcu (yaş =21,62±3,81 ve Spor yılı =10,39±4,48) oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak; Sporda Ahlaktan Uzaklaşma Ölçeği, Melbourne Karar Verme Ölçeği ve Sporda Algılanan Güdüsel İklim Ölçeği’’ kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde; betimleyici istatistikler, t testi, ANOVA ve Pearson Korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Futbolcuların kaçıngan, panik ve erteleyici karar vermek yerine karar verirken kendisine güvenerek dikkatli kararlar vermeye çalıştıkları görülürken cezalı futbolcuların daha kaçıngan kararlar verdiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca performans iklimine sahip futbolcuların sahalarda daha fazla ahlaktan uzaklaştığı saptanmıştır.

The aim of this study is to investigate the sportsmanship behaviors of secondary school students in physical education and sports lessons in terms of some variables. The survey research method was employed in this study. The study group consists of 451 secondary school students, 215 of whom are girls and 236 of whom are boys. The data for this study was collected through “The Personal Data Form”and "Physical Education Course Sport Scale" and it was analyzed with SPSS 20.0 statistical program. First some tests were run to see whether the data was normally distributed or not. When it was found that the distribution was non normal; nonparametric tests were run.Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage analysis and Mann Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis tests were used to analyze the data. According to the findings of the study, It was observed that students exhibited positive behaviors and avoidance behaviors very frequently. Based on the general mean, the participants exhibit sportsmanship behaviors very often. In addition, the total score of female students was found to be significantly higher than the scores of male students.The exhibiting positive behaviors in physical education scores of students who do sport were found to be significantly higher than those of students who do not do sports.It was also found that the 5th grade students'exhibiting positive behaviorsand total sportsmanship scores were significantly higher than 6th, 7th and 8th grade students' scores.It was determined that the exhibiting positive behaviors scores of the students who do contact sports were significantly higher than those who do non-contact sports and do not do any sports.