Objectives: This study was designed to verify the antiangiogenic activity of ferulic acid (FA) and its potency to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Moreover, we verified its mechanism of action by docking the molecule on COX-2, tyrosine kinase, and VEGF-2 proteins in silico. Materials and Methods: An antiangiogenesis assay of FA at doses of 30, 60, and 90 mu g was performed using the CAM of chicken eggs that were 9 days old and stimulated by 60 ng of basic fibroblast growth factor. Celecoxib (60 mu g) was used as the reference drug. The inhibitory activity on VEGF and COX-2 expression was determined by immunohistochemistry assay. Molecular docking of FA was accomplished by Molegro Virtual Docker program ver. 5.5 on COX-2 enzyme (PDB ID 1CX2), tyrosine kinase receptor (PDB ID 1XKK), and VEGF-2 receptor (PDB ID 4ASD). Results: FA at doses of 30, 60, and 90 mu g significantly prevented angiogenesis in the CAM model, which was represented as inhibitory activity against endothelial cells of blood vessels (42.6-70.7%) and neovascularization (43.0-86.6%). The inhibitory activity of FA against VEGF expression was stronger than its action on COX-2 expression. Molecular docking on VEGF-2 receptor resulted in an RS value of FA of-73.844 kcal/mol and for celecoxib it was-94.557 kcal/mol. The RS value on tyrosine kinase of FA was-84.954 kcal/mol, while on celecoxib it was-93.163 kcal/mol. Docking on COX-2 receptor gave an RS value of FA of-73.416 kcal/mol, while for celecoxib it was-118.107 kcal/mol. Conclusion: Reductions in VEGF-2 and COX-2 expression due to treatment with FA at the dose range 30-90 mu g appeared to be related to angiogenesis inhibition, which was shown by two parameters, namely inhibition of neovascularization and endothelial cell growth in blood vessels. It was concluded that FA is a promising antiangiogenic therapeutic agent especially at the early stage, and this activity can arise from inhibitory action on COX-2 and VEGF-2

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a persistent organic pollutant that induces overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Studies on avoiding the adverse effects of dioxin pollution exposure are needed in all aspects, including reproductive health. This study aimed to determine the effect of α-tocopherol on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, live spermatozoa, apoptosis, and necrosis in male rats exposed to dioxin as a model. Thirty healthy 12-week-old male rats were randomly divided into five groups. Rats in the control group were given corn oil twice daily at 4-hour intervals. The remaining rats were given TCDD 700 mg/kg BW daily, followed by administration of corn oil and α-tocopherol at doses of 77, 140, and 259 mg/kg BW/d for T0, T1, T2, and T3 groups, respectively. The treatments were conducted for 45 days; all rats were euthanized to collect blood and testicular samples on day 46. The results showed that exposure of TCDD resulted in a decrease in SOD activity and live spermatozoa and increased MDA level and death, apoptosis, and necrosis of spermatozoa (T0) compared to the control (C) group ($p$ < 0.05). The administration of α-tocopherol, starting from the doses of 77 (T1), 149 (T2), and 259 mg (T3) per kg BW, was sequentially followed by returning MDA levels, recovering SOD activities, and restoration in the percentage of living, dead, apoptotic, and necrotic spermatozoa, similar ($p$ > 0.05) to those of the control group. It could be concluded that the administration of α-tocopherol resolves the harmful effects of TCDD on the viability of spermatozoa in rats as a model.

The digestive tract anatomy of chickens differs from that of mammals, posing a challenge in improving the effectiveness of orally administered probiotics. One method that enables probiotics to survive in extreme environmental changes in chicken digestive tract is encapsulation into a nano-system. Therefore, this study aimed to encapsulate multistrain probiotics using nanochitosan as a carrier to form a nano-system. Encapsulation using the ionic gelation method successfully encapsulated bacteria with nanochitosan of various hydrodynamic sizes, depending on the ratio of nanochitosan to probiotics. The results showed that the finisher phase of broiler chickens demonstrated the significant potential of a nano-system to promote nutrient absorption by improving the morphology of intestinal villi and crypts. Additionally, an increase in the cytokines interleukin (IL)-1, IL-12, and interferon (IFN)-γ showed that nano-system probiotics can improve the immune system of the chickens. This study offers insights into the potential of nano-system probiotics to improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption and the immune-modulation in broiler chickens. Graphical abstract Multi-strain probiotics encapsulated into a nano-system have the potential to enhance the absorption of nutrients through intestinal repair and also to strengthen the immune system.

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp. pada susu segar dari peternakan sapi perah di kecamatan licin kabupaten banyuwangi. Sampel susu segar di ambil pada april 2021 sebanyak 16 sampel dari KPSP Ijen makmur di kecamatan Licin Kabupaten Banyuwangi. Sampel diambil sebanyak 25 ml dari masing-masing peternak. Hasil yang di dapat setelah melakukan isolasi dan identifikasi menggunakan media Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA), dan dilanjutkan uji identifikasi menggunakan TSIA dan Urea didapatkan dari ke 16 sampel semua dinyatakn negatif bakteri Salmonella sp.. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena para peternak sapi perah di Kecamatan licin sudah mulai menyadari pentingnya kebersihan kandang dan sanitasi kandang yang baik sehingga tingkat cemaran bakteri Salmonella sp. dapat dicegah.

Egg whites traditionally used for the treatment of burns. In this research, egg white was formulated as gel dosage form for easy to use and covered unpleasant odor. The aim of the study was to determined effectivity of egg white in gel dosage form against the healing of superficial partial thickness burns (second degree) on white rats (Rattus novergicus) Wistar strain with parameters were macrophages, fibroblasts, collagen deposit density and wound healing. Research subject were male white rats aged 3 months. Second degree burns on the back of rat with a diameter of 2 cm were made by using a hot coin with temperature 80 ° C for 20 seconds. 18 white rats divided into 3 groups of treatment that is negative control using 0.9% NaCl, positive control using Bioplacenton®, and 40% egg white gel as treatment. Based on the experimental results, white egg gel given topically decreased the number of macrophages and increase the number of fibroblasts, increase the density of collagen deposits and speed up wound healing on second degree burns. White egg gel had significantly difference with negative control of NaCl 0.9% and no significantly difference with Bioplasenton as positive control.