Technologies to enable Aqueous Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis (ASPPS).

Peptides are gaining prominence in various fields, including the pharmaceutical industry. To meet regulatory requirements, they must achieve a certain purity threshold to ensure safe administration. Numerous purification technologies have been employed to purify peptides, aiming to reduce cost and time while being sustainable and efficient. These include chromatography, magnetic nanoparticles, isoelectric focusing, and membrane filtration. The physicochemical properties of peptides are the main driving element behind these technologies. While chromatographic separation remains the gold standard for peptide separation and purification, with various models to predict the elution behaviors of peptides, other technologies have demonstrated their capability to meet the performance of established chromatographic methodologies, with better productivity and reduced cost. This opens the door for further investigational studies to assess these outcomes and potentially introduce new techniques for peptide purification. In this review, we examine these technologies in terms of their efficiency and their ability to meet sustainability requirements, concluding with remarks and an outlook on future advancements.