The family of two-dimensional (2D) materials composed of atomically thin layers connected via van der Waals interactions has attracted much curiosity due to a variety of intriguing physical, optical, and electrical characteristics. The significance of analyzing statistics on electrical devices and circuits based on 2D materials is seldom underestimated. Certain requirements must be met to deliver scientific knowledge that is beneficial in the field of 2D electronics: synthesis and fabrication must occur at the wafer level, variations in morphology and lattice alterations must be visible and statistically verified, and device dimensions must be appropriate. The authors discussed the most recent significant concerns of 2D materials in the provided prose and attempted to highlight the prerequisites for synthesis, yield, and mechanism behind device-to-device variability, reliability, and durability benchmarking under memristors characteristics; they also indexed some useful approaches that have already been reported to be advantageous in large-scale production. Commercial applications, on the other hand, will necessitate further effort.

Nanotechnology exhibits a multidisciplinary area and gained interests for researchers. Nanoparticles produced via physical and chemical methods affects ecosystem drastically. Green synthesis is the charming technique that is inexpensive and safe for the environment. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial actions of as-synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis. Also, the anti-corrosion actions confirmed that the Ag-NPs proved as good inhibitors. In this way, Ag-NPs were prepared via biosynthesis technique by consuming the ground leaves and stem of ‘Sida acuta’ as a capping agent. The Ag-NPs were formed by irradiation of the aqueous solution of silver nitrate (AgNO₃) with extract of S. acuta stem and leaves. The as-synthesized reaction mixture of Ag-NPs was found to exhibit an absorbance band at 446–447 nm, by an UV/VIS spectrophotometer, which is a characteristic of Ag-NPs due to the surface plasmon resonance absorption band. The X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used for the confirmation of Ag-NPs’ variety dimension, morphology and dispersion. The infrared spectra confirmed the bio-fabrication of the Ag-NPs displayed the existence of conceivable functional groups responsible for the bio-reduction and capping. The antimicrobial actions were measured and the zone of inhibition was compared with standard antibiotics.

Farmyard manure (FYM-BC) and poultry manure (PM-BC) derived biochars were applied as adsorbents to remove Cd²⁺ from water. Results indicated that PM-BC was a more efficient adsorbent than FYM-BC at all experimental conditions. Maximum Cd²⁺ adsorption was observed at pH 4, temperature 318 K and contact time 1 h, regardless of biochar type. The Langmuir model predicted maximum adsorption capacity of 90.09 mg g⁻¹ for PM-BC. The data fitting to pseudo-second-order model proposed chemisorption of Cd²⁺ onto biochars. Thermodynamics indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Post-adsorption analysis provided evidences of strong chemical interactions between biochars’ functional groups and Cd²⁺ ions.

Wastewater from the textile industries contaminates the natural water and affects the aquatic environment, soil fertility and biological ecosystem through discharge of different hazardous effluents. Therefore, it is essential to remove such dissolved toxic materials from water by applying more efficient techniques. We performed a comparative study on the removal of rhodamine B (RhB) and Nile blue (NB) from water through a catalytic/photocatalytic approach while using a CuO–SiO₂ based nanocomposite. The CuO–SiO₂ nanocomposite was synthesized through a sol–gel process using copper nitrate dihydrate and tetraethylorthosilicate as CuO and SiO₂ precursors, respectively, with ammonia solution as the precipitating agent. The synthesized nanocomposites were characterized, for their structure, morphology, crystallinity, stability, surface area, pore size and pore volume, by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The CuO–SiO₂ nanocomposite was used for potential environmental applications in the terms of its catalytic and photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) and Nile blue (NB) dyes, in the presence and absence of light, while monitoring the degradation process of dyes by UV-Visible spectroscopy. The catalytic efficiency of the same composite was studied and discussed in terms of changes in the chemical structures of dyes and other experimental conditions, such as the presence and absence of light. Moreover, the composite showed 85% and 90% efficiency towards the removal of rhodamine B and Nile blue dyes respectively. Thus, the CuO–SiO₂ nanocomposite showed better efficiency toward removal of Nile blue as compared to rhodamine B dye while keeping other experimental variables constant. This can be attributed to the structure–property relationships and compatibility of a catalyst with the molecular structures of dyes.

To accomplish an efficient and high-performance flexible supercapattery, electrochemically active materials with multicomponent and rational morphological architectures are highly enviable. Herein, we demonstrate dual-morphology-based mesoporous nickel-ferrite nanoparticles embedded in ultra-thin nanosheets (NiFe₂O₄-NP-NS) grown directly on a carbon cloth (CC) substrate to develop a free-standing electrode (NiFe₂O₄-NP-NS@CC) for a flexible supercapattery. Owing to the symmetric effects of bimetallic oxides, porosity with a higher surface area and dual morphological impact, the designed electrode conferred significantly enhanced electrochemical performance in aqueous as well as solid-state electrolytes. The binder-free architecture offered an excellent capacity of 965 C g^-1 (1608 F g⁻¹) at 5 mV s⁻¹ with high coulombic efficiency and a good capacity retention of 94.20% over 5000 cycles, while the single morphology–based electrode showed only 551 C g⁻¹ (919 F g⁻¹) at 5 mV s⁻¹ with a capacity retention of 90.50% over 5000 cycles under identical conditions. A redox-reaction mechanism is proposed based on ex situ XRD, XPS, and TEM analysis, and it further quantitatively distinguished the pseudocapacitive and diffusion-controlled charge storage proportions of NiFe₂O₄-NP-NS@CC cathodes in aqueous electrolytes. Additionally, the flexible supercapattery (NiFe₂O₄-NP-NS@CC//NPC) exhibits an outstanding energy density of 69 W h kg⁻¹ at a power density of 771 W kg⁻¹ with highly flexible features, which exceeds that of supercapacitors. These results present the fabricated device as a promising candidate in the field of energy storage.